Cummins Reports Record First Quarter 2023 Results

• Record first quarter revenues of $8.5 billion; Record GAAP¹ Net Income of $790 million
• EBITDA in the first quarter was 16.1 percent of sales; Record Diluted EPS of $5.55
• First quarter results include $18 million, or $0.10 per diluted share, of costs related to the separation of the Filtration business.
• The company is raising its full year 2023 revenue guidance to be up 15 to 20 percent; an increase from previous guidance of up 12 to 17 percent.
• EBITDA is now expected to be in the range of 15.0 to 15.7 percent; an increase from previous guidance of 14.5 to 15.2 percent.

COLUMBUS, IND.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Cummins Inc. (NYSE: CMI) today reported results for the first quarter of 2023.

First quarter revenues of $8.5 billion increased 32 percent from the same quarter in 2022. Sales in North America increased 39 percent and international revenues increased 24 percent due to the addition of Meritor and strong demand across all key global markets.

“The company achieved record revenues, EBITDA and EPS in the first quarter of 2023, with demand for our products remaining strong across most of our key markets and regions,” said Jennifer Rumsey, President and CEO. “We are delivering cycle-over-cycle improvement in financial performance despite persistent supply chain constraints, and we continue to invest in sustainable solutions that will protect our planet for future generations and support the success of our customers.”

Net income attributable to Cummins in the first quarter was $790 million, or $5.55 per diluted share compared to $418 million, or $2.92 per diluted share, in 2022, which included $158 million, or $1.03 per diluted share, of costs related to the indefinite suspension of operations in Russia. Results included costs associated with the separation of the Filtration business of $18 million, or $0.10 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2023, and $17 million, or $0.09 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2022. The tax rate in the first quarter was 21.7 percent including $3 million, or $0.02 per diluted share, of favorable discrete tax items.

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) in the first quarter were $1.4 billion, or 16.1 percent of sales, compared to $755 million, or 11.8 percent of sales, a year ago. EBITDA for the first quarter of 2023 included the costs related to the separation of the Filtration business and the first quarter 2022 EBITDA included the costs related to the indefinite suspension of operations in Russia and costs related to the separation of the Filtration business as noted above.

2023 Outlook:

Based on its current forecast, Cummins is raising its full year 2023 revenue guidance to be up 15 to 20 percent, an increase from our prior projections of up 12 to 17 percent due to stronger demand across most markets. EBITDA is expected to be in the range of 15.0 to 15.7 percent, an increase from the prior range of 14.5 and 15.2 percent of sales.

The outlook above includes the projected results of the Meritor business for 2023, but excludes any costs or benefits associated with the planned separation of the Filtration business. Within the Components Segment, Cummins expects revenues of the Meritor business for 2023 to be between $4.7 billion to $4.9 billion, an increase from $4.5 billion to $4.7 billion previously, and EBITDA to be in the range of 10.3 to 11.0 percent of sales, consistent with prior guidance.

The company plans to continue to generate strong operating cash flow and returns for shareholders and is committed to our long-term strategic goal of returning 50 percent of operating cash flow back to shareholders. In the near term, we will focus on reinvesting for profitable growth, dividends and reducing debt.

“We have raised our guidance on revenue and profitability for 2023 due to continued demand for Cummins’ products and services. We will continue monitoring global economic indicators closely to ensure we are prepared should economic momentum slow,” said Rumsey. “Cummins is in a strong position to keep investing in future growth, bringing new technologies to customers and returning cash to shareholders.”

First Quarter 2023 Highlights:

• In March, Cummins announced the launch of Accelera by Cummins, a new brand for its New Power business unit. Accelera provides a diverse portfolio of zero-emissions solutions for many of the world’s most vital industries empowering customers to accelerate their transition to a sustainable future.

• Accelera announced that it will supply a 90-megawatt (MW) proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer system for Varennes Carbon Recycling’s (VCR) plant in Quebec, Canada – a key step in advancing North America’s green hydrogen economy.

• Progress continues to be made on the planned separation of the Filtration business. In February, the company announced that its Filtration business, Atmus Filtration Technologies, has filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for a proposed underwritten initial public offering of newly issued common stock.

• Cummins received several prestigious honors during the quarter including being named to Ethisphere’s World’s Most Ethical Companies list for the 16^th consecutive year, included in Sustainalytics’ 2023 Top-Rated Companies list, recognizing the best performing sustainability/ESG companies, and ranked first in the Automotive and Components industry in Newsweek’s annual ranking of America’s Most Responsible Companies. Also, Cummins was one of 66 companies honored as America’s Top Corporations for Women’s Business Enterprises in 2023 for the way it works with women-owned businesses and was recognized as a 2023 Military Friendly Employer, receiving the bronze designation for creating sustainable and meaningful benefits for the military community.

¹ Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S.

First quarter 2023 detail (all comparisons to same period in 2022):

Components Segment

• Sales - $3.6 billion, up 79 percent
• Segment EBITDA - $507 million, or 14.3 percent of sales, which includes $12 million of costs related to the separation of the Filtration business compared to $320 million, or 16.1 percent of sales, which includes $6 million of costs from the indefinite suspension of operations in Russia
• Revenues in North America increased by 87 percent and international sales increased by 69 percent due to the addition of Meritor and increased global demand.

Engine Segment

• Sales - $3.0 billion, up 8 percent
• Segment EBITDA - $457 million, or 15.3 percent of sales, compared to $390 million or 14.2 percent of sales, which includes $32 million of costs from the indefinite suspension of operations in Russia
• On-highway revenues increased 9 percent driven by strong demand in the North American truck market, pricing actions and strong aftermarket demand.
• Sales increased 9 percent in North America and grew 8 percent in international markets due to an increase in China and India demand.

Distribution Segment

• Sales - $2.4 billion, up 14 percent
• Segment EBITDA - $335 million, or 13.9 percent of sales, compared to $110 million, or 5.2 percent of sales, which includes $100 million of costs from the indefinite suspension of operations in Russia
• Revenues in North America increased 24 percent and international sales decreased by 5 percent.
• Higher revenues were driven by increased demand for parts, service, and whole goods and pricing actions.

Power Systems Segment

• Sales - $1.3 billion, up 16 percent
• Segment EBITDA - $219 million, or 16.3 percent of sales, compared to $90 million, or 7.8 percent of sales, which includes $20 million of costs from the indefinite suspension of operations in Russia
• Power generation revenues increased 16 percent driven by increased global demand and pricing actions. Industrial revenues increased 16 percent due to strong demand for aftermarket products and increased demand in oil and gas markets.

Accelera Segment

• Sales - $85 million, up 174 percent
• Segment EBITDA loss - $94 million
• Revenues increased due to higher demand for battery electric systems in the North American school bus market and the additions of the electric powertrain portion of the Meritor business and Siemens Commercial Vehicle business.
• Costs associated with the development of electric powertrains, fuel cells and electrolyzers, as well as products to support battery electric vehicles are contributing to EBITDA losses.

About Cummins Inc.

Cummins Inc., a global power leader, is a corporation of complementary business segments that design, manufacture, distribute and service a broad portfolio of power solutions. The company’s products range from diesel, natural gas, electric and hybrid powertrains and powertrain-related components including filtration, aftertreatment, turbochargers, fuel systems, controls systems, air handling systems, automated transmissions, axles, drivelines, brakes, suspension systems, electric power generation systems, batteries, electrified power systems, electric powertrains, hydrogen production and fuel cell products. Headquartered in Columbus, Indiana (U.S.), since its founding in 1919, Cummins employs approximately 73,600 people committed to powering a more prosperous world through three global corporate responsibility priorities critical to healthy communities: education, environment and equality of opportunity. Cummins serves its customers online, through a network of company-owned and independent distributor locations, and through thousands of dealer locations worldwide and earned about $2.2 billion on sales of $28.1 billion in 2022. See how Cummins is powering a world that's always on by accessing news releases and more information at https://www.cummins.com/always-on.

Forward-looking disclosure statement

Information provided in this release that is not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding our forecasts, guidance, preliminary results, expectations, hopes, beliefs and intentions on strategies regarding the future. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to our plans and expectations for our revenues and EBITDA. Our actual future results could differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements because of a number of factors, including, but not limited to: any adverse results of our internal review into our emissions certification process and compliance with emission standards; increased scrutiny from regulatory agencies, as well as unpredictability in the adoption, implementation and enforcement of emission standards around the world; changes in international, national and regional trade laws, regulations and policies; changes in taxation; global legal and ethical compliance costs and risks; evolving environmental and climate change legislation and regulatory initiatives; future bans or limitations on the use of diesel-powered products; failure to successfully integrate and / or failure to fully realize all of the anticipated benefits of the acquisition of Meritor, Inc.; raw material, transportation and labor price fluctuations and supply shortages; any adverse effects of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the global response (including government bans or restrictions on doing business in Russia); aligning our capacity and production with our demand; the actions of, and income from, joint ventures and other investees that we do not directly control; large truck manufacturers' and original equipment manufacturers' customers discontinuing outsourcing their engine supply needs or experiencing financial distress, or change in control; product recalls; variability in material and commodity costs; the development of new technologies that reduce demand for our current products and services; lower than expected acceptance of new or existing products or services; product liability claims; our sales mix of products; failure to complete, adverse results from or failure to realize the expected benefits of the separation of our filtration business; our plan to reposition our portfolio of product offerings through exploration of strategic acquisitions and divestitures and related uncertainties of entering such transactions; increasing interest rates; challenging markets for talent and ability to attract, develop and retain key personnel; climate change, global warming, more stringent climate change regulations, accords, mitigation efforts, greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations or other legislation designed to address climate change; exposure to potential security breaches or other disruptions to our information technology environment and data security; political, economic and other risks from operations in numerous countries including political, economic and social uncertainty and the evolving globalization of our business; competitor activity; increasing competition, including increased global competition among our customers in emerging markets; failure to meet environmental, social and governance (ESG) expectations or standards, or achieve our ESG goals; labor relations or work stoppages; foreign currency exchange rate changes; the performance of our pension plan assets and volatility of discount rates; the price and availability of energy; continued availability of financing, financial instruments and financial resources in the amounts, at the times and on the terms required to support our future business; and other risks detailed from time to time in our SEC filings, including particularly in the Risk Factors section of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Shareholders, potential investors and other readers are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements made herein are made only as of the date of this press release and we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. More detailed information about factors that may affect our performance may be found in our filings with the SEC, which are available at http://www.sec.gov or at http://www.cummins.com in the Investor Relations section of our website.

Presentation of Non-GAAP Financial Information

EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure used in this release and is defined and reconciled to what management believes to be the most comparable GAAP measure in a schedule attached to this release, except for forward-looking measures of EBITDA where a reconciliation to the corresponding GAAP measures is not available due to the variability, complexity and limited visibility of the non-cash items that are excluded from the non-GAAP outlook measure. Cummins presents this information as it believes it is useful to understanding the Company's operating performance, and because EBITDA is a measure used internally to assess the performance of the operating units.

Webcast information

Cummins management will host a teleconference to discuss these results today at 10 a.m. EST. This teleconference will be webcast and available on the Investor Relations section of the Cummins website at www.cummins.com. Participants wishing to view the visuals available with the audio are encouraged to sign-in a few minutes prior to the start of the teleconference.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET INCOME (Unaudited) (a)
	Three months ended
	March 31,
In millions, except per share amounts		2023		2022
NET SALES	$	8,453	$	6,385
Cost of sales		6,424		4,853
GROSS MARGIN		2,029		1,532
OPERATING EXPENSES AND INCOME
Selling, general and administrative expenses		753		615
Research, development and engineering expenses		350		298
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees		119		96
Other operating expense, net		19		111
OPERATING INCOME		1,026		604
Interest expense		87		17
Other income (expense), net		90		(9	)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		1,029		578
Income tax expense		223		155
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		806		423
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		16		5
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO CUMMINS INC.	$	790	$	418
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CUMMINS INC.
Basic	$	5.58	$	2.94
Diluted	$	5.55	$	2.92
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic		141.5		142.2
Diluted		142.4		143.1
^(a) Prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (a)
In millions, except par value	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,980		$	2,101
Marketable securities		459			472
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities		2,439			2,573
Accounts and notes receivable, net		5,834			5,202
Inventories		5,878			5,603
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,217			1,073
Total current assets		15,368			14,451
Long-term assets
Property, plant and equipment, net		5,590			5,521
Investments and advances related to equity method investees		1,860			1,759
Goodwill		2,365			2,343
Other intangible assets, net		2,640			2,687
Pension assets		1,496			1,398
Other assets		2,114			2,140
Total assets	$	31,433		$	30,299
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable (principally trade)	$	4,636		$	4,252
Loans payable		229			210
Commercial paper		2,545			2,574
Current maturities of long-term debt		569			573
Accrued compensation, benefits and retirement costs		510			617
Current portion of accrued product warranty		746			726
Current portion of deferred revenue		1,040			1,004
Other accrued expenses		1,648			1,465
Total current liabilities		11,923			11,421
Long-term liabilities
Long-term debt		4,409			4,498
Deferred revenue		937			844
Other liabilities		3,283			3,311
Total liabilities	$	20,552		$	20,074
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	$	261		$	258
EQUITY
Cummins Inc. shareholders’ equity
Common stock, $2.50 par value, 500 shares authorized, 222.5 and 222.5 shares issued	$	2,230		$	2,243
Retained earnings		18,605			18,037
Treasury stock, at cost, 80.9 and 81.2 shares		(9,389	)		(9,415	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,823	)		(1,890	)
Total Cummins Inc. shareholders’ equity		9,623			8,975
Noncontrolling interests		997			992
Total equity	$	10,620		$	9,967
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity	$	31,433		$	30,299
^(a) Prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (a)
	Three months ended
	March 31,
In millions		2023			2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Consolidated net income	$	806		$	423
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		246			161
Deferred income taxes		(38	)		(66	)
Equity in income of investees, net of dividends		(67	)		(76	)
Pension and OPEB expense		1			9
Pension contributions and OPEB payments		(92	)		(43	)
Russian suspension costs		—			158
(Gain) loss on corporate owned life insurance		(19	)		37
Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction exposure		(11	)		(7	)
Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions
Accounts and notes receivable		(621	)		(417	)
Inventories		(263	)		(289	)
Other current assets		(142	)		(57	)
Accounts payable		381			484
Accrued expenses		151			(251	)
Changes in other liabilities		64			70
Other, net		99			28
Net cash provided by operating activities		495			164
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures		(193	)		(104	)
Acquisition of a business, net of cash acquired		—			83
Investments in marketable securities—acquisitions		(326	)		(197	)
Investments in marketable securities—liquidations		345			254
Other, net		(54	)		(46	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(228	)		(10	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from borrowings		43			14
Net payments of commercial paper		(29	)		(2	)
Payments on borrowings and finance lease obligations		(142	)		(24	)
Dividend payments on common stock		(222	)		(207	)
Repurchases of common stock		—			(311	)
Other, net		(13	)		33
Net cash used in financing activities		(363	)		(497	)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		(25	)		27
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(121	)		(316	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		2,101			2,592
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD	$	1,980		$	2,276
^(a) Prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEGMENT INFORMATION
(Unaudited)

REORGANIZATION WITHIN CERTAIN SEGMENTS, REBRANDING A SEGMENT AND TRANSFER OF A JOINT VENTURE BETWEEN SEGMENTS

Beginning in the first quarter of 2023, we realigned certain businesses and regions within our reportable segments to be consistent with how our segment managers monitor the performance of our segments. We reorganized the businesses within our Components segment to carve out the electronics business into the newly formed software and electronics business and combined the turbo technologies and fuel systems businesses into the newly formed engine components business. Our Components segment now consists of the following businesses: axles and brakes, emission solutions, engine components, filtration, automated transmissions and software and electronics. As a result of the indefinite suspension of operations in Russia, we reorganized the regional management structure of our Distribution segment and moved all Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) sales into the Europe and Africa and Middle East regions. The Russian portion of prior period CIS sales moved to the Europe region. In March 2023, we rebranded our New Power segment as "Accelera" to better represent our commitment to zero-emission technologies. In addition, we moved our NPROXX joint venture from the Accelera segment to the Engine segment, which adjusted both the equity, royalty and interest income from investees and segment EBITDA line items for the current and prior year. We started to report results for the changes within our operating segments effective January 1, 2023, and reflected these changes in the historical periods presented. These changes had no impact on our consolidated results. Descriptions of the new Components' businesses and adjusted prior period balances for all segments are shown below:

Components Segment

• Engine components - We design, manufacture and market turbocharger, valvetrain and fuel system technologies for light-duty, mid-range, heavy-duty and high-horsepower markets across North America, Europe, China and India.

• Software and electronics - We develop, supply and remanufacture control units, specialty sensors, power electronics, actuators and software for on-highway, off-highway and power generation applications. We primarily serve markets in the Americas, China, India and Europe.

Adjusted balances for the Components' businesses are shown in the "SEGMENT SALES DATA" section below under "Components Segment Sales by Business."

External sales in 2022 and 2021 for our Components segment by business, as adjusted, were as follows:

2022
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Axles and brakes	$	—	$	—	$	732	$	1,147	$	1,879
Emission solutions		808		767		748		763		3,086
Engine components		240		223		239		244		946
Filtration		308		319		322		310		1,259
Automated transmissions		134		143		159		157		593
Software and electronics		27		25		20		12		84
Total sales	$	1,517	$	1,477	$	2,220	$	2,633	$	7,847
2021
In millions	YTD
Emission solutions	$	3,142
Engine components		1,019
Filtration		1,171
Automated transmissions		481
Software and electronics		119
Total sales	$	5,932

Distribution Segment

Total segment sales in 2022 and 2021 for our Distribution segment by region, as adjusted, were as follows:

2022
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
North America	$	1,367	$	1,494	$	1,512	$	1,575	$	5,948
Asia Pacific		246		242		260		268		1,016
Europe		281		248		182		218		929
China		83		99		92		81		355
Africa and Middle East		50		61		79		61		251
Latin America		41		56		58		55		210
India		49		53		56		62		220
Total sales	$	2,117	$	2,253	$	2,239	$	2,320	$	8,929
2021
In millions	YTD
North America	$	4,912
Asia Pacific		906
Europe		966
China		330
Africa and Middle East		278
Latin America		182
India		198
Total sales	$	7,772

External sales in 2022 and 2021 for our Distribution segment by region, as adjusted, were as follows:

2022
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
North America	$	1,371	$	1,491	$	1,512	$	1,574	$	5,948
Asia Pacific		244		242		258		267		1,011
Europe		275		246		181		212		914
China		82		99		89		81		351
Africa and Middle East		50		61		79		60		250
Latin America		41		56		58		55		210
India		48		52		55		62		217
Total sales	$	2,111	$	2,247	$	2,232	$	2,311	$	8,901
2021
In millions	YTD
North America	$	4,902
Asia Pacific		901
Europe		962
China		323
Africa and Middle East		278
Latin America		182
India		194
Total sales	$	7,742

Accelera Segment NPROXX joint venture move to Engine Segment

The move of our NPROXX joint venture from our Accelera segment to Engine segment resulted in adjustments to prior period balances as follows:

	2022															2021
In millions	Q1			Q2			Q3			Q4			Total			Total
Engine
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees, as disclosed	$	44		$	59		$	28		$	35		$	166		$	340
NPROXX loss adjustment		(2	)		(1	)		(1	)		(2	)		(6	)		(5	)
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees, as adjusted	$	42		$	58		$	27		$	33		$	160		$	335
Segment EBITDA, as disclosed	$	392		$	422		$	363		$	364		$	1,541		$	1,411
NPROXX loss adjustment		(2	)		(1	)		(1	)		(2	)		(6	)		(5	)
Segment EBITDA, as adjusted	$	390		$	421		$	362		$	362		$	1,535		$	1,406
Investments and advances to equity investees, as disclosed													$	590		$	742
NPROXX investment adjustment														27			29
Investments and advances to equity investees, as adjusted													$	617		$	771
Accelera
Equity, royalty and interest (loss) income from investees, as disclosed	$	(3	)	$	(4	)	$	(5	)	$	4		$	(8	)	$	(3	)
NPROXX loss adjustment		2			1			1			2			6			5
Equity, royalty and interest (loss) income from investees, as adjusted	$	(1	)	$	(3	)	$	(4	)	$	6		$	(2	)	$	2
Segment EBITDA, as disclosed	$	(67	)	$	(80	)	$	(96	)	$	(97	)	$	(340	)	$	(223	)
NPROXX loss adjustment		2			1			1			2			6			5
Segment EBITDA, as adjusted	$	(65	)	$	(79	)	$	(95	)	$	(95	)	$	(334	)	$	(218	)
Investments and advances to equity investees, as disclosed													$	60		$	49
NPROXX investment adjustment														(27	)		(29	)
Investments and advances to equity investees, as adjusted													$	33		$	20

Summarized financial information regarding our reportable operating segments for the three months ended, including adjusted prior year balances for the changes noted above, is shown in the table below:

In millions	Components				Engine				Distribution			Power Systems			Accelera			Total Segments			Intersegment Eliminations ^(1)			Total
Three months ended March 31, 2023
External sales	$	3,043			$	2,252			$	2,399		$	679		$	80		$	8,453		$	—		$	8,453
Intersegment sales		514				734				7			664			5			1,924			(1,924	)		—
Total sales		3,557				2,986				2,406			1,343			85			10,377			(1,924	)		8,453
Research, development and engineering expenses		91				134				14			63			48			350			—			350
Equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees		21				65				24			13			(4	)		119			—			119
Interest income		6				3				7			2			—			18			—			18
EBITDA ^(2)		507		^(3)		457				335			219			(94	)		1,424			(63	)		1,361
Depreciation and amortization ^(4)		123				51				28			29			14			245			—			245
EBITDA as a percentage of total sales		14.3	%			15.3	%			13.9	%		16.3	%		NM			13.7	%					16.1	%
Three months ended March 31, 2022
External sales	$	1,517			$	2,049			$	2,111		$	683		$	25		$	6,385		$	—		$	6,385
Intersegment sales		471				704				6			477			6			1,664			(1,664	)		—
Total sales		1,988				2,753				2,117			1,160			31			8,049			(1,664	)		6,385
Research, development and engineering expenses		76				109				13			64			36			298			—			298
Equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees		28				42		^(5)		16			11			(1	)		96			—			96
Interest income		1				4				2			1			—			8			—			8
Russian suspension costs		6				32		^(6)		100			20			—			158			—			158
EBITDA ^(2)		320				390				110			90			(65	)		845			(90	)		755
Depreciation and amortization ^(4)		43				51				28			31			7			160			—			160
EBITDA as a percentage of total sales		16.1	%			14.2	%			5.2	%		7.8	%		NM			10.5	%					11.8	%

"NM" - not meaningful information
^(1)	Includes intersegment sales, intersegment profit in inventory eliminations and unallocated corporate expenses. There were no significant unallocated corporate expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, except for $6 million and $17 million of costs associated with the planned separation of our filtration business in 2023 and 2022, respectively.
^(2)	EBITDA is defined as earnings or losses before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests.
^(3)	Includes $12 million of costs associated with the planned separation of our filtration business.
^(4)	Depreciation and amortization, as shown on a segment basis, excludes the amortization of debt discount and deferred costs included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income as interest expense. The amortization of debt discount and deferred costs was $1 million and $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. A portion of depreciation expense is included in research, development and engineering expenses.
^(5)	Includes a $28 million impairment of our joint venture with KAMAZ and $3 million of royalty charges as part of our costs associated with the suspension of our Russian operations.
^(6)	Includes $31 million of Russian suspension costs reflected in the equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees line above.

A reconciliation of our segment information to the corresponding amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income is shown in the table below:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
In millions		2023			2022
EBITDA	$	1,361		$	755
EBITDA as a percentage of net sales		16.1	%		11.8	%
Less:
Interest expense		87			17
Depreciation and amortization		245			160
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		1,029			578
Less: Income tax expense		223			155
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		806			423
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		16			5
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO CUMMINS INC.	$	790		$	418
Net income attributable to Cummins Inc. as a percentage of net sales		9.3	%		6.5	%

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SELECT FOOTNOTE DATA
(Unaudited)

EQUITY, ROYALTY AND INTEREST INCOME FROM INVESTEES

Equity, royalty and interest income from investees included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income for the reporting periods was as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
In millions		2023		2022
Manufacturing entities
Dongfeng Cummins Engine Company, Ltd.	$	19	$	16
Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd.		16		14
Chongqing Cummins Engine Company, Ltd.		9		9
Tata Cummins, Ltd.		8		9
All other manufacturers		19		(10	)	^(1)
Distribution entities
Komatsu Cummins Chile, Ltda.		14		7
All other distributors		3		2
Cummins share of net income		88		47
Royalty and interest income		31		49
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees	$	119	$	96
^(1)Includes a $28 million impairment of our joint venture with KAMAZ and $3 million of royalty charges as part of our costs associated with the suspension of our Russian operations.

INCOME TAXES

Our effective tax rate for 2023 is expected to approximate 22.0 percent, excluding any discrete items that may arise.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was 21.7 percent and contained favorable discrete tax items of $3 million, or $0.02 per share, primarily due to share-based compensation tax benefits.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022, was 26.8 percent and contained unfavorable discrete tax items of $31 million, or $0.22 per share, primarily due to $18 million of unfavorable changes associated with the indefinite suspension of Russian operations, $9 million of net unfavorable changes in tax reserves and $4 million of net unfavorable other discrete tax items.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FINANCIAL MEASURES THAT SUPPLEMENT GAAP
(Unaudited)

Reconciliation of Non GAAP measures - Earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests (EBITDA)

We believe EBITDA is a useful measure of our operating performance as it assists investors and debt holders in comparing our performance on a consistent basis without regard to financing methods, capital structure, income taxes or depreciation and amortization methods, which can vary significantly depending upon many factors. We believe EBITDA excluding special items is a useful measure of our operating performance without regard to the costs associated with the planned separation of our filtration business and indefinite suspension of Russian operations. This statement excludes forward looking measures of EBITDA where a reconciliation to the corresponding GAAP measures is not available due to the variability, complexity and limited visibility of non-cash items that are excluded from the non-GAAP outlook measure.

EBITDA is not in accordance with, or an alternative for, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) and may not be consistent with measures used by other companies. It should be considered supplemental data; however, the amounts included in the EBITDA calculation are derived from amounts included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income. Below is a reconciliation of “Net income attributable to Cummins Inc.” to EBITDA for each of the applicable periods:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
In millions		2023			2022
Net income attributable to Cummins Inc.	$	790		$	418
Net income attributable to Cummins Inc. as a percentage of net sales		9.3	%		6.5	%
Add:
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		16			5
Consolidated net income		806			423
Add:
Interest expense		87			17
Income tax expense		223			155
Depreciation and amortization		245			160
EBITDA	$	1,361		$	755
EBITDA as a percentage of net sales		16.1	%		11.8	%
Add:
Filtration separation costs		18			17
Russian suspension costs		—			158
EBITDA, excluding costs associated with the separation of our filtration business and indefinite suspension of Russian operations	$	1,379		$	930
EBITDA, excluding costs associated with the separation of our filtration business and indefinite suspension of Russian operations, as a percentage of net sales		16.3	%		14.6	%

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEGMENT SALES DATA
(Unaudited)

Components Segment Sales by Business

Sales for our Components segment by business, adjusted for the reorganized businesses as note above, were as follows:

2023
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Axles and brakes	$	1,272	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,272
Emission solutions		1,056		—		—		—		1,056
Engine components		581		—		—		—		581
Filtration		417		—		—		—		417
Automated transmissions		179		—		—		—		179
Software and electronics		52		—		—		—		52
Total sales	$	3,557	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,557
2022
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Axles and brakes	$	—	$	—	$	732	$	1,147	$	1,879
Emission solutions		910		863		853		868		3,494
Engine components		502		503		509		493		2,007
Filtration		382		391		399		385		1,557
Automated transmissions		134		143		159		157		593
Software and electronics		60		50		51		45		206
Total sales	$	1,988	$	1,950	$	2,703	$	3,095	$	9,736
2021
In millions	YTD
Emission solutions	$	3,499
Engine components		2,009
Filtration		1,438
Automated transmissions		478
Software and electronics		241
Total sales	$	7,665

Engine Segment Sales by Market and Unit Shipments by Engine Classification

Sales for our Engine segment by market were as follows:

2023
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Heavy-duty truck	$	1,114	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,114
Medium-duty truck and bus		903		—		—		—		903
Light-duty automotive		439		—		—		—		439
Off-highway		530		—		—		—		530
Total sales	$	2,986	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,986
2022
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Heavy-duty truck	$	908	$	1,001	$	972	$	966	$	3,847
Medium-duty truck and bus		848		875		868		869		3,460
Light-duty automotive		498		456		466		318		1,738
Off-highway		499		443		473		485		1,900
Total sales	$	2,753	$	2,775	$	2,779	$	2,638	$	10,945

Unit shipments by engine classification (including unit shipments to Power Systems and off-highway engine units included in their respective classification) were as follows:

2023
Units	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	YTD
Heavy-duty	34,700	—	—	—	34,700
Medium-duty	78,900	—	—	—	78,900
Light-duty	55,000	—	—	—	55,000
Total units	168,600	—	—	—	168,600
2022
Units	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	YTD
Heavy-duty	28,600	30,900	30,200	31,000	120,700
Medium-duty	72,600	68,800	69,800	72,400	283,600
Light-duty	66,500	60,400	58,300	42,400	227,600
Total units	167,700	160,100	158,300	145,800	631,900

Distribution Segment Sales by Product Line

Sales for our Distribution segment by product line were as follows:

2023
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Parts	$	1,057	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,057
Power generation		492		—		—		—		492
Engines		456		—		—		—		456
Service		401		—		—		—		401
Total sales	$	2,406	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,406
2022
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Parts	$	924	$	990	$	945	$	959	$	3,818
Power generation		401		441		431		501		1,774
Engines		441		429		449		457		1,776
Service		351		393		414		403		1,561
Total sales	$	2,117	$	2,253	$	2,239	$	2,320	$	8,929

Power Systems Segment Sales by Product Line and Unit Shipments by Engine Classification

Sales for our Power Systems segment by product line were as follows:

2023
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Power generation	$	770	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	770
Industrial		455		—		—		—		455
Generator technologies		118		—		—		—		118
Total sales	$	1,343	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,343
2022
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Power generation	$	664	$	657	$	739	$	730	$	2,790
Industrial		393		428		483		468		1,772
Generator technologies		103		118		127		123		471
Total sales	$	1,160	$	1,203	$	1,349	$	1,321	$	5,033

High-horsepower unit shipments by engine classification were as follows:

2023
Units	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	YTD
Power generation	2,900	—	—	—	2,900
Industrial	1,500	—	—	—	1,500
Total units	4,400	—	—	—	4,400
2022
Units	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	YTD
Power generation	2,200	2,400	2,400	2,700	9,700
Industrial	1,100	1,200	1,200	1,400	4,900
Total units	3,300	3,600	3,600	4,100	14,600