HubSpot Reports Q2 2024 Results

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--HubSpot, Inc. (NYSE: HUBS), the customer platform for scaling companies, today announced financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2024.

Financial Highlights:

Revenue

• Total revenue was $637.2 million, up 20% compared to Q2'23.
  • Subscription revenue was $623.8 million, up 20% compared to Q2'23.
  • Professional services and other revenue was $13.5 million, up 18% compared to Q2'23.

Operating Income (Loss)

• GAAP operating margin was (3.8%), compared to (22.0%) in Q2'23.
• Non-GAAP operating margin was 17.2%, compared to 14.5% in Q2'23.
• GAAP operating loss was ($23.9) million, compared to ($116.2) million in Q2'23.
• Non-GAAP operating income was $109.3 million, compared to $76.6 million in Q2'23.

Net Income (Loss)

• GAAP net loss was ($14.4) million, or ($0.28) per basic and diluted share, compared to net loss of ($111.8) million, or ($2.25) per basic and diluted share in Q2'23.
• Non-GAAP net income was $103.5 million, or $2.03 per basic and $1.94 per diluted share, compared to $71.8 million, or $1.45 per basic and $1.38 per diluted share in Q2'23.
• Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding for GAAP net loss per share was 51.0 million, compared to 49.7 million basic and diluted shares in Q2'23.
• Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding for non-GAAP net income per share was 51.0 million and 53.4 million, respectively, compared to 49.7 million and 52.1 million, respectively in Q2'23.

Balance Sheet and Cash Flow

• The company’s cash, cash equivalents, and short-term and long-term investments balance was $1.9 billion as of June 30, 2024.
• During the second quarter, the company generated $117.8 million of cash from operating cash flow, compared to $76.5 million during Q2'23.
• During the second quarter, the company generated $121.7 million of cash from non-GAAP operating cash flow and $92.1 million of non-GAAP free cash flow, compared to $87.0 million of cash from non-GAAP operating cash flow and $59.6 million of non-GAAP free cash flow during Q2'23.

Additional Recent Business Highlights

• Grew Customers to 228,054 at June 30, 2024, up 23% from June 30, 2023.
• Average Subscription Revenue Per Customer was $11,215 during the second quarter of 2024, down 2% compared to the second quarter of 2023.

“Q2 was another solid quarter of revenue growth and profitability driven by our rapid pace of innovation and consistent execution,” said Yamini Rangan, Chief Executive Officer at HubSpot. “I am thrilled to see customers consolidating on HubSpot and the momentum we have in becoming the customer platform of choice for scaling companies. We run our business for the long-term and are focused on solving for our customers, innovating our platform, and prioritizing strong execution. That has been and will continue to be our priority. And it will continue to set us apart to drive durable growth and create long term shareholder value.”

Business Outlook

Based on information available as of August 7, 2024, HubSpot is issuing guidance for the third quarter of 2024 and full year 2024 as indicated below.

Third Quarter 2024:

• Total revenue is expected to be in the range of $646.0 million to $647.0 million.
  • Foreign exchange rates are expected to have a neutral impact to third quarter 2024 revenue growth⁽¹⁾.
• Non-GAAP operating income is expected to be in the range of $107.0 million to $108.0 million.
• Non-GAAP net income per common share is expected to be in the range of $1.89 to $1.91. This assumes approximately 53.5 million weighted average diluted shares outstanding.

Full Year 2024:

• Total revenue is expected to be in the range of $2.567 billion to $2.573 billion.
  • Foreign exchange rates are expected to have a neutral impact to full year 2024 revenue growth⁽¹⁾.
• Non-GAAP operating income is expected to be in the range of $437.0 million to $441.0 million.
• Non-GAAP net income per common share is expected to be in the range of $7.64 to $7.70. This assumes approximately 53.4 million weighted average diluted shares outstanding.

⁽¹⁾ Foreign exchange rates impact on revenue is calculated by comparing current period rates with prior period average rates.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In our earnings press releases, conference calls, slide presentations, and webcasts, we may use or discuss non-GAAP financial measures, as defined by Regulation G. The GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to each non-GAAP financial measure used or discussed, and a reconciliation of the differences between each non-GAAP financial measure and the comparable GAAP financial measure, are included in this press release after the consolidated financial statements. Our earnings press releases containing such non-GAAP reconciliations can be found in the Investors section of our website ir.hubspot.com.

Conference Call Information

HubSpot will host a conference call on Wednesday, August 7, 2024 at 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time (ET) to discuss the company’s second quarter 2024 financial results and its business outlook. To register for this conference call, please use this dial in registration link or visit HubSpot's Investor Relations website at ir.hubspot.com. After registering, a confirmation email will be sent, including dial-in details and a unique code for entry. Participants who wish to register for the conference call webcast please use this link.

Following the conference call, a replay will be available at [phone] (domestic) or [phone] (international). The replay passcode is 614825. An archived webcast of this conference call will also be available on HubSpot's Investor Relations website at ir.hubspot.com.

The company has used, and intends to continue to use, the investor relations portion of its website as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with disclosure obligations under Regulation FD.

About HubSpot

HubSpot is the customer platform that helps businesses connect and grow better. HubSpot delivers seamless connection for customer-facing teams with a unified platform that includes AI-powered engagement hubs, a Smart CRM, and a connected ecosystem with over 1,500 App Marketplace integrations, a community network, and educational content. Learn more at www.hubspot.com.

Cautionary Language Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

This press release includes certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding management’s expectations of future financial and operational performance and operational expenditures, expected growth, foreign currency movement, and business outlook, including our financial guidance for the third fiscal quarter of and full year 2024 and our long-term financial framework; statements regarding our positioning for future growth and market leadership; statements regarding the economic environment; and statements regarding expected market trends, future priorities and related investments, and market opportunities. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, plans, objectives, expectations and intentions and other statements contained in this press release that are not historical facts and statements identified by words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” or words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views about our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Although we believe that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects as reflected in or suggested by those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that the plans, intentions, expectations or strategies will be attained or achieved. Furthermore, actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements and will be affected by a variety of risks and factors that are beyond our control including, without limitation, risks associated with our history of losses; our ability to retain existing customers and add new customers; the continued growth of the market for a customer platform; our ability to develop new products and technologies and differentiate our platform from competing products and technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies; our ability to manage our growth effectively over the long-term to maintain our high level of service; our ability to maintain and expand relationships with our solutions partners; the price volatility of our common stock; the impact of geopolitical conflicts, inflation, foreign currency movement, and macroeconomic instability on our business, the broader economy, our workforce and operations, the markets in which we and our partners and customers operate, and our ability to forecast our future financial performance; regulatory and legislative developments on the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning; and other risks set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in our SEC filings. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this document as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands)
	June 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023^(1)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	797,875		$	387,987
Short-term investments		937,830			1,000,245
Accounts receivable		269,908			295,303
Deferred commission expense		119,558			99,326
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		111,033			88,679
Total current assets		2,236,204			1,871,540
Long-term investments		209,992			325,703
Property and equipment, net		105,886			103,331
Capitalized software development costs, net		132,026			106,229
Right-of-use assets		228,406			251,071
Deferred commission expense, net of current portion		138,636			122,194
Other assets		93,866			75,247
Intangible assets, net		37,421			42,316
Goodwill		173,565			173,761
Total assets	$	3,356,002		$	3,071,392
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	4,115		$	9,106
Accrued compensation costs		61,206			53,462
Accrued commissions		78,657			78,169
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		95,078			94,074
Operating lease liabilities		32,886			35,047
Convertible senior notes		457,196		—
Deferred revenue		708,113			672,150
Total current liabilities		1,437,251			942,008
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		273,137			296,561
Deferred revenue, net of current portion		4,606			5,810
Other long-term liabilities		40,109			36,459
Convertible senior notes, net of current portion	—				456,206
Total liabilities		1,755,103			1,737,044
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock		51			50
Additional paid-in capital		2,418,608			2,136,908
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(4,822	)		1,827
Accumulated deficit		(812,938	)		(804,437	)
Total stockholders’ equity		1,600,899			1,334,348
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	3,356,002		$	3,071,392
^(1) In the three months ended March 31, 2024, we discovered an immaterial error in our calculation of Cost of Revenues—Subscription related to how we calculate contractual credits in one of our third-party vendor agreements. As a result, we have revised the Consolidated Statement of Operations by reducing Cost of Revenues- Subscription by $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to reflect the revised impact of the credits on that period. We have also revised the balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 to reflect the cumulative impact of the error on prior periods, resulting in a decrease to accrued expenses and other current liabilities and a decrease to accumulated deficit totaling $14.2 million. Lastly, we have updated certain line items within the operating section of the statement of cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 but note no net impact to cash flows provided by operating activities. Refer to our Form 10-Q for additional information.

Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands, except per share data)
	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023^(1)			2024			2023^(1)
Revenues:
Subscription	$	623,763		$	517,678		$	1,227,559		$	1,007,421
Professional services and other		13,467			11,460			27,085			23,337
Total revenue		637,230			529,138			1,254,644			1,030,758
Cost of revenues:
Subscription		81,618			71,494			162,342			138,116
Professional services and other		13,899			13,462			28,262			27,169
Total cost of revenues		95,517			84,956			190,604			165,285
Gross profit		541,713			444,182			1,064,040			865,473
Operating expenses:
Research and development		198,180			169,955			373,817			297,639
Sales and marketing		293,794			265,294			594,081			515,971
General and administrative		72,597			61,222			141,452			118,630
Restructuring		1,077			63,880			1,859			92,450
Total operating expenses		565,648			560,351			1,111,209			1,024,690
Loss from operations		(23,935	)		(116,169	)		(47,169	)		(159,217	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income		20,370			13,542			39,097			24,013
Interest expense		(901	)		(937	)		(1,836	)		(1,867	)
Other expense		1,784			330			14,945			(465	)
Total other income		21,253			12,935			52,206			21,681
(Loss) income before income tax expense		(2,682	)		(103,234	)		5,037			(137,536	)
Income tax expense		(11,753	)		(8,569	)		(13,538	)		(10,987	)
Net loss	$	(14,435	)	$	(111,803	)	$	(8,501	)	$	(148,523	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.28	)	$	(2.25	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(3.00	)
Weighted average common shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share:		51,005			49,703			50,847			49,550
^(1) In the three months ended March 31, 2024, we discovered an immaterial error in our calculation of Cost of Revenues—Subscription related to how we calculate contractual credits in one of our third-party vendor agreements. As a result, we have revised the Consolidated Statement of Operations by reducing Cost of Revenues- Subscription by $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to reflect the revised impact of the credits on that period. We have also revised the balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 to reflect the cumulative impact of the error on prior periods, resulting in a decrease to accrued expenses and other current liabilities and a decrease to accumulated deficit totaling $14.2 million. Lastly, we have updated certain line items within the operating section of the statement of cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 but note no net impact to cash flows provided by operating activities. Refer to our Form 10-Q for additional information.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands)
	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023^(1)			2024			2023^(1)
Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(14,435	)	$	(111,803	)	$	(8,501	)	$	(148,523	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		22,204			16,429			43,438			32,999
Stock-based compensation		128,994			128,003			240,116			211,038
Restructuring charges	—				62,657		—				64,938
Gain on strategic investments		(2,103	)	—				(18,456	)	—
Impairment of strategic investments		479			—			4,094			—
(Benefit from) provision for deferred income taxes		(45	)		4,755			(212	)		4,802
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs		502			496			1,002			980
Accretion of bond discount		(10,517	)		(10,769	)		(23,080	)		(18,777	)
Unrealized currency translation		(1,486	)		236			(948	)		(122	)
Changes in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(7,001	)		(8,991	)		18,422			21,626
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(21,755	)		(27,028	)		(27,228	)		(47,445	)
Deferred commission expense		(23,083	)		(18,495	)		(40,084	)		(37,034	)
Right-of-use assets		13,994			12,489			20,384			20,972
Accounts payable		1,082			59			(218	)		(17,814	)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		28,330			23,868			15,049			46,527
Operating lease liabilities		(10,410	)		(8,156	)		(23,153	)		(17,985	)
Deferred revenue		13,078			12,793			44,291			41,431
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities		117,828			76,543			244,916			157,613
Investing Activities:
Purchases of investments		(252,339	)		(369,117	)		(651,717	)		(731,363	)
Maturities of investments		496,805			441,867			849,595			729,834
Purchases of property and equipment		(8,200	)		(10,879	)		(14,082	)		(14,189	)
Purchases of strategic investments		(3,600	)	—				(3,627	)		(6,000	)
Capitalization of software development costs		(21,441	)		(16,473	)		(43,075	)		(31,595	)
Proceeds from net working capital settlement		1,933		—				1,933		—
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) investing activities		213,158			45,398			139,027			(53,313	)
Financing Activities:
Employee taxes paid related to the net share settlement of stock-based awards		(4,696	)		(2,904	)		(13,484	)		(4,102	)
Proceeds related to the issuance of common stock under stock plans		25,301			13,296			45,244			24,550
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by financing activities		20,605			10,392			31,760			20,448
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(1,509	)		(274	)		(5,815	)		1,448
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		350,082			132,059			409,888			126,196
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		451,846			328,312			392,040			334,175
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	801,928		$	460,371		$	801,928		$	460,371
^(1) In the three months ended March 31, 2024, we discovered an immaterial error in our calculation of Cost of Revenues—Subscription related to how we calculate contractual credits in one of our third-party vendor agreements. As a result, we have revised the Consolidated Statement of Operations by reducing Cost of Revenues- Subscription by $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to reflect the revised impact of the credits on that period. We have also revised the balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 to reflect the cumulative impact of the error on prior periods, resulting in a decrease to accrued expenses and other current liabilities and a decrease to accumulated deficit totaling $14.2 million. Lastly, we have updated certain line items within the operating section of the statement of cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 but note no net impact to cash flows provided by operating activities. Refer to our Form 10-Q for additional information.

Reconciliation of non-GAAP operating income and operating margin (in thousands, except percentages)
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
GAAP operating loss	$	(23,935	)	$	(116,169	)	$	(47,169	)	$	(159,217	)
Stock-based compensation		128,994			128,003			240,116			211,038
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		2,341			851			4,685			1,696
Acquisition related expense		838			—			2,389			—
Restructuring charges		1,077			63,880			1,859			92,450
Non-GAAP operating income	$	109,315		$	76,565		$	201,880		$	145,967
GAAP operating margin		(3.8	%)		(22.0	%)		(3.8	%)		(15.4	%)
Non-GAAP operating margin		17.2	%		14.5	%		16.1	%		14.2	%

Reconciliation of non-GAAP net income (in thousands, except per share amounts)
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
GAAP net loss	$	(14,435	)	$	(111,803	)	$	(8,501	)	$	(148,523	)
Stock-based compensation		128,994			128,003			240,116			211,038
Acquisition related expense		838		—				2,389		—
Amortization of acquired intangibles assets		2,341			851			4,685			1,696
Restructuring charges		1,077			63,880			1,859			92,450
Non-cash interest expense for amortization of debt issuance costs		502			496			1,002			980
Gain on strategic investments		(1,624	)	—				(14,362	)	—
(Gain) loss on equity method investment		(11	)		(188	)		54			(66	)
Income tax effects of non-GAAP items		(14,134	)		(9,393	)		(34,618	)		(22,725	)
Non-GAAP net income	$	103,548		$	71,846		$	192,624		$	134,850
Non-GAAP net income per share:
Basic	$	2.03		$	1.45		$	3.79		$	2.72
Diluted	$	1.94		$	1.38		$	3.62		$	2.60
Shares used in non-GAAP per share calculations
Basic		51,005			49,703			50,847			49,550
Diluted		53,376			52,100			53,250			51,798

Reconciliation of non-GAAP expense and expense as a percentage of revenue (in thousands, except percentages)
	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2024															2023
	COS, Subs- cription			COS, Prof. services & other			R&D			S&M			G&A			COS, Subs- cription			COS, Prof. services & other			R&D			S&M			G&A
GAAP expense	$	81,618		$	13,899		$	198,180		$	293,794		$	72,597		$	71,494		$	13,462		$	169,955		$	265,294		$	61,222
Stock -based compensation		(5,444	)		(1,128	)		(64,693	)		(36,168	)		(21,561	)		(3,516	)		(1,459	)		(64,060	)		(38,625	)		(20,343	)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		(1,879	)		—			—			(357	)		(105	)		(405	)		—			—			(446	)		—
Acquisition related expense		—			—			(709	)		—			(129	)		—			—			—			—			—
Non-GAAP expense	$	74,295		$	12,771		$	132,778		$	257,269		$	50,802		$	67,573		$	12,003		$	105,895		$	226,223		$	40,879
GAAP expense as a percentage of revenue		12.8	%		2.2	%		31.1	%		46.1	%		11.4	%		13.5	%		2.5	%		32.1	%		50.1	%		11.6	%
Non-GAAP expense as a percentage of revenue		11.7	%		2.0	%		20.8	%		40.4	%		8.0	%		12.8	%		2.3	%		20.0	%		42.8	%		7.7	%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024															2023
	COS, Subs- cription			COS, Prof. services & other			R&D			S&M			G&A			COS, Subs- cription			COS, Prof. services & other			R&D			S&M			G&A
GAAP expense	$	162,342		$	28,262		$	373,817		$	594,081		$	141,452		$	138,116		$	27,169		$	297,639		$	515,971		$	118,630
Stock -based compensation		(10,404	)		(2,215	)		(115,318	)		(71,325	)		(40,854	)		(6,259	)		(2,546	)		(97,384	)		(68,794	)		(36,055	)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		(3,761	)		—			—			(714	)		(210	)		(804	)		—			—			(892	)		—
Acquisition related expense		—			—			(1,755	)		—			(634	)		—			—			—			—			—
Non-GAAP expense	$	148,177		$	26,047		$	256,744		$	522,042		$	99,754		$	131,053		$	24,623		$	200,255		$	446,285		$	82,575
GAAP expense as a percentage of revenue		12.9	%		2.3	%		29.8	%		47.4	%		11.3	%		13.4	%		2.6	%		28.9	%		50.1	%		11.5	%
Non-GAAP expense as a percentage of revenue		11.8	%		2.1	%		20.5	%		41.6	%		8.0	%		12.7	%		2.4	%		19.4	%		43.3	%		8.0	%

Reconciliation of non-GAAP subscription margin (in thousands, except percentages)
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
GAAP subscription margin	$	542,145		$	446,184		$	1,065,217		$	869,305
Stock-based compensation		5,444			3,516			10,404			6,259
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		1,879			405			3,761			804
Non-GAAP subscription margin	$	549,468		$	450,105		$	1,079,382		$	876,368
GAAP subscription margin percentage		86.9	%		86.2	%		86.8	%		86.3	%
Non-GAAP subscription margin percentage		88.1	%		86.9	%		87.9	%		87.0	%

Reconciliation of free cash flow (in thousands)
	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
GAAP net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities	$	117,828		$	76,543		$	244,916		$	157,613
Purchases of property and equipment		(8,200	)		(10,879	)		(14,082	)		(14,189	)
Capitalization of software development costs		(21,441	)		(16,473	)		(43,075	)		(31,595	)
Payment of restructuring charges		3,881			10,425			8,071			32,939
Non-GAAP free cash flow	$	92,068		$	59,616		$	195,830		$	144,768

Reconciliation of operating cash flow (in thousands)
	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
GAAP net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities	$	117,828	$	76,543	$	244,916	$	157,613
Payment of restructuring charges		3,881		10,425		8,071		32,939
Non-GAAP operating cash flow	$	121,709	$	86,968	$	252,987	$	190,552

Reconciliation of forecasted non-GAAP operating income (in thousands, except percentages)
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024	Year Ended December 31, 2024
GAAP operating income range	($31,149)-($30,299)	($96,152)-($92,752)
Stock-based compensation	134,049	516,149
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	2,350	9,403
Acquisition related expense	800	3,800
Restructuring charges	950-1,100	3,800-4,400
Non-GAAP operating income range	$107,000-$108,000	$437,000-$441,000

Reconciliation of forecasted non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per share (in thousands, except per share amounts)
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024	Year Ended December 31, 2024
GAAP net loss range	($15,057)-($13,894)	($30,085)-($26,935)
Stock-based compensation	134,049	516,149
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	2,350	9,403
Acquisition related expense	800	3,800
Non-cash interest expense for amortization of debt issuance costs	503	2,019
Gain on strategic investments	—	(14,362)
Loss on equity method investment	—	54
Restructuring charges	950-1,100	3,800-4,400
Income tax effects of non-GAAP items	(22,795)-(23,058)	(82,578)-(83,328)
Non-GAAP net income range	$100,800-$101,850	$408,200-$411,200
GAAP net income per basic and diluted share	($0.29)-($0.27)	($0.59)-($0.53)
Non-GAAP net income per diluted share	$1.89-$1.91	$7.64-$7.70
Weighted average common shares used in computing GAAP basic and diluted net loss per share:	51,367	51,182
Weighted average common shares used in computing non-GAAP diluted net loss per share:	53,454	53,422

HubSpot’s estimates of stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, non-cash interest expense for amortization of debt issuance costs, gain on or impairment of strategic investments, loss of equity method investment, restructuring charges, and income tax effects of non-GAAP items assume, among other things, the occurrence of no additional acquisitions, and no further revisions to stock-based compensation and related expenses.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We report our financial results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. However, management believes that, in order to properly understand our short-term and long-term financial and operational trends, investors may wish to consider the impact of certain non-cash or non-recurring items when used as a supplement to financial performance measures in accordance with GAAP. These items result from facts and circumstances that vary in frequency and impact on continuing operations. In this release, HubSpot’s non-GAAP operating income, operating margin, subscription margin, expense, expense as a percentage of revenue, net income, operating and free cash flow are not presented in accordance with GAAP and are not intended to be used in lieu of GAAP presentations of results of operations. Non-GAAP operating cash flow is defined as cash and cash equivalents provided by or used in operating activities plus payment of restructuring charges. Non-GAAP free cash flow is defined as cash and cash equivalents provided by or used in operating activities less purchases of property and equipment and capitalization of software development costs, plus payment of restructuring charges. Although non-GAAP operating cash flow and non-GAAP free cash flow are not residual cash flow available for our discretionary expenditures, we believe information regarding non-GAAP operating cash flow and non-GAAP free cash flow provide useful information to investors in understanding and evaluating the strength of our liquidity and provides a comparable framework for assessing how our business performed when compared to prior periods which were not impacted by restructuring charges paid from operating cash flow.

Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide additional means of evaluating period-over-period operating performance. Specifically, these non-GAAP financial measures provide management with additional means to understand and evaluate the operating results and trends in our ongoing business by eliminating certain non-cash expenses and other items that management believes might otherwise make comparisons of our ongoing business with prior periods more difficult, obscure trends in ongoing operations, or reduce management’s ability to make useful forecasts. In addition, management understands that some investors and financial analysts find this information helpful in analyzing our financial and operational performance and comparing this performance to our peers and competitors. However, these non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as an analytical tool and are not intended to be an alternative to financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, it should be noted that these non-GAAP financial measures may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. We intend to provide these non-GAAP financial measures as part of our future earnings discussions and, therefore, the inclusion of these non-GAAP financial measures will provide consistency in our financial reporting. Management may, however, utilize other measures to illustrate performance in the future. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP measures has been provided in the financial statement tables included above in this press release.

These non-GAAP measures exclude stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition related expenses, disposition related income, non-cash interest expense for the amortization of debt issuance costs, gain or impairment losses on strategic investments, gain or loss on equity method investment, restructuring charges and account for the income tax effects of the exclusion of these non-GAAP items. We believe investors may want to incorporate the effects of these items in order to compare our financial performance with that of other companies and between time periods:

A.	Stock-based compensation is a non-cash expense accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. We believe that the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense allows for financial results that are more indicative of our operational performance and provide for a useful comparison of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies because stock-based compensation expense varies from period to period and company to company due to such things as differing valuation methodologies and changes in stock price.
B.	Expense for the amortization of acquired intangible assets is excluded from non-GAAP expense and income measures as HubSpot views amortization of these assets as arising from pre-acquisition activities determined at the time of an acquisition. While these intangible assets are evaluated for impairment regularly, amortization of the cost of purchased intangibles is a non-cash expense that is not typically affected by operations during any particular period. Valuation and subsequent amortization of intangible assets can also be inconsistent in amount and frequency because they can significantly vary based on the timing and size of acquisitions and the inherently subjective nature of the degree to which a purchase price is allocated to intangible assets. We believe that the exclusion of this amortization expense provides for a useful comparison of our operating results to prior periods, for which we have historically excluded amortization expense, and to our peer companies, which commonly exclude acquired intangible asset amortization. It is important to note that although we exclude amortization of acquired intangible assets from our non-GAAP expense and income measures, revenue generated from such intangibles is included within our non-GAAP income measures. The use of these intangible assets contributed to our revenues earned during the periods presented and will contribute to future periods as well.
C.	Acquisition related expenses, such as transaction costs, retention payments, and holdback payments, and disposition related income, such as proceeds from sale of assets, are transactions that are not necessarily reflective of our operational performance during a period. We believe that the exclusion of these expenses and income provides for a useful comparison of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies, which commonly exclude these expenses and income.
D.	In June 2020, we issued $460 million of convertible notes due in 2025 with a coupon interest rate of 0.375%. The issuance cost of the debt is amortized as interest expense over the remaining term of the debt. We believe the exclusion of this non-cash interest expense provides for a useful comparison of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies.
E	Strategic investments consist of non-controlling equity investments in privately held companies. The recognition of gains or impairment losses can vary significantly across periods and we do not view them to be indicative of our fundamental operating activities and believe the exclusion of gains or impairment losses provides for a useful comparison of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies.
F.	We made a contribution to the Black Economic Development Fund (the “investee”) managed by the Local Initiatives Support Corporation and have committed to make additional capital contributions. We account for this investment under the equity method of accounting. The proportionate share of our equity method investee's net earnings have been excluded in order to provide a comparable view of our operating results to prior periods and to our peer companies. We believe this activity is not reflective of our recurring core business operating results.
G.	Restructuring charges are related to severance, employee related benefits, facilities and other costs associated with the restructuring plan implemented on January 25, 2023. Restructuring charges fluctuate in amount and frequency and are not reflective of our core business operating results. Over the remaining lease term (into 2027), we expect to both incur incremental restructuring charges and make cash payments related to the facilities that we abandoned in 2023. The abandonment of facilities is part of the restructuring plan we authorized in January 2023 and is intended to consolidate our lease space and create higher density across our workspaces. The incremental charges we expect to incur relate to continuing costs for the abandoned facilities and are expected to be in the range of $13-16 million and will be paid in cash over the remaining lease term. We also expect to make cash payments of approximately $51.0 million in fixed rent payments for the abandoned facilities that will be made in monthly installments over the remaining lease term for which we have taken the full P&L restructuring charge during the year ended 2023. We plan on excluding both the incremental charges and cash payments and the related restructuring cash rent payments from our non-GAAP earnings, operating cash flow, and free cash flow metrics. We believe exclusion of these charges and cash payments provides useful information to investors in understanding and evaluating the strength of earnings and liquidity and provides a comparable framework for assessing how our business performed when compared to prior periods which were not impacted by excluded restructuring charges paid from operating cash flow.
H.	The effects of income taxes on non-GAAP items reflect a fixed long-term projected tax rate of 20% to provide better consistency across reporting periods. To determine this long-term non-GAAP tax rate, we exclude the impact of other non-GAAP adjustments and take into account other factors such as our current operating structure and existing tax positions in various jurisdictions. We will periodically reevaluate this tax rate, as necessary, for significant events such as relevant tax law changes and material changes in our forecasted geographic earnings mix.