Vroom Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Results

Substantial Progress on Value Maximization Plan

NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Vroom, Inc. (Nasdaq:VRM) today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

HIGHLIGHTS OF FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 2023

• $135.6 million cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023
• 4,780 and 17,401 Ecommerce units sold for the fourth quarter and full year, respectively, representing third consecutive quarter of Ecommerce unit growth
• $4,742 and $3,403 Ecommerce gross profit per unit (GPPU) for the fourth quarter and full year, respectively
• $(141.3) million and $(365.5) million net loss for the fourth quarter and full year, respectively
• $(91.6) million and $(277.2) million Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter and full year, respectively, including ~$27 million impact of aged inventory liquidations and inventory write-downs due to the discontinuance of ecommerce operations⁽¹⁾
• $41.4 million and $74.2 million convertible note repurchases during the fourth quarter and full year, respectively, for $23.3 million and $36.5 million, respectively

CURRENT PROGRESS ON VALUE MAXIMIZATION PLAN

• Expected to be substantially complete with the ecommerce wind down by the end of the first quarter 2024
• ~$94.0 million cash and cash equivalents as of February 29, 2024
• Sold substantially all of our used vehicle inventory
• Repaid outstanding balance on Ally Floorplan Facility
• Reducing our outstanding commitments and executing a reduction-in-force commensurate with our reduced operations

Tom Shortt, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, said “As we previously announced, in January 2024 Vroom’s Board of Directors approved a Value Maximization Plan pursuant to which the Company has discontinued its ecommerce operations and is winding down its used vehicle dealership business. I am incredibly proud of the commitment and professionalism demonstrated by our team as they execute an orderly wind down of our ecommerce operations with a focus on timeliness and cost effectiveness. We anticipate that the wind-down will be substantially complete by the end of the month and look forward to working to maximize stakeholder value through our remaining businesses, United Auto Credit and CarStory.”

^(1) While the Value Maximization Plan was approved in January 2024, we determined a triggering event existed as of December 31, 2023 related to our long lived assets, which led to additional write-downs of inventory in the fourth quarter of 2023.

FOURTH QUARTER 2023 FINANCIAL DISCUSSION

All financial comparisons are on a year-over-year basis unless otherwise noted.

Ecommerce Results

	Three Months Ended December 31,												Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022				Change			% Change			2023		2022			Change			% Change
	(in thousands, except unit data and average days to sale)												(in thousands, except unit data and average days to sale)
Ecommerce units sold		4,780		4,144				636			15.3	%		17,401		39,278			(21,877	)		(55.7	)%
Ecommerce revenue:
Vehicle revenue	$	136,360	$	131,069		$		5,291			4.0	%	$	523,945	$	1,304,797	$		(780,852	)		(59.8	)%
Product revenue		16,101		10,689				5,412			50.6	%		52,225		59,398			(7,173	)		(12.1	)%
Total ecommerce revenue	$	152,461	$	141,758		$		10,703			7.6	%	$	576,170	$	1,364,195	$		(788,025	)		(57.8	)%
Ecommerce gross profit:
Vehicle gross profit	$	7,387	$	(5,579	)	$		12,966			232.4	%	$	10,343	$	40,575	$		(30,232	)		(74.5	)%
Product gross profit		15,281		10,689				4,592			43.0	%		48,888		59,398			(10,510	)		(17.7	)%
Total ecommerce gross profit	$	22,668	$	5,110		$		17,558			343.6	%	$	59,231	$	99,973	$		(40,742	)		(40.8	)%
Average vehicle selling price per ecommerce unit	$	28,527	$	31,629		$		(3,102	)		(9.8	)%	$	30,110	$	33,220	$		(3,110	)		(9.4	)%
Product revenue per ecommerce unit		3,368		2,579				789			30.6	%		3,001		1,512			1,489			98.5	%
Gross profit per ecommerce unit:
Vehicle gross profit per ecommerce unit	$	1,545	$	(1,346	)	$		2,891			214.8	%	$	594	$	1,033	$		(439	)		(42.5	)%
Product gross profit per ecommerce unit		3,197		2,579				618			24.0	%		2,809		1,512			1,297			85.8	%
Total gross profit per ecommerce unit	$	4,742	$	1,233		$		3,509			284.6	%	$	3,403	$	2,545	$		858			33.7	%
Ecommerce average days to sale		135		244				(109	)		(44.7	)%		217		131			86			65.6	%

Results by Segment

	Three Months Ended December 31,												Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			Change			% Change			2023			2022			Change			% Change
	(in thousands, except unit data)												(in thousands, except unit data)
Units:
Ecommerce		4,780			4,144			636			15.3	%		17,401			39,278			(21,877	)		(55.7	)%
Wholesale		1,821			1,768			53			3.0	%		7,094			20,876			(13,782	)		(66.0	)%
All Other ^(1)		337			350			(13	)		(3.7	)%		1,359			3,758			(2,399	)		(63.8	)%
Total units		6,938			6,262			676			10.8	%		25,854			63,912			(38,058	)		(59.5	)%
Revenue:
Ecommerce	$	152,461		$	141,758		$	10,703			7.6	%	$	576,170		$	1,364,195		$	(788,025	)		(57.8	)%
Wholesale		28,526			23,039			5,487			23.8	%		104,119			293,528			(189,409	)		(64.5	)%
Retail Financing ^(2)		41,999			32,537			9,462			29.1	%		156,938			152,542			4,396			2.9	%
All Other ^(3)		12,938			12,015			923			7.7	%		55,976			138,636			(82,660	)		(59.6	)%
Total revenue	$	235,924		$	209,349		$	26,575			12.7	%	$	893,203		$	1,948,901		$	(1,055,698	)		(54.2	)%
Gross profit (loss):
Ecommerce	$	22,668		$	5,110		$	17,558			343.6	%	$	59,231		$	99,973		$	(40,742	)		(40.8	)%
Wholesale		(28,927	)		(4,359	)		(24,568	)		563.6	%		(34,353	)		(10,620	)		(23,733	)		223.5	%
Retail Financing ^(2)		33,427			28,744			4,683			16.3	%		125,610			138,381			(12,771	)		(9.2	)%
All Other ^(3)		1,879			(36	)		1,915			5,319.4	%		11,459			17,053			(5,594	)		(32.8	)%
Total gross profit	$	29,047		$	29,459		$	(412	)		(1.4	)%	$	161,947		$	244,787		$	(82,840	)		(33.8	)%
Gross profit (loss) per unit ^(4):
Ecommerce	$	4,742		$	1,233		$	3,509			284.6	%	$	3,403		$	2,545		$	858			33.7	%
Wholesale	$	(15,885	)	$	(2,465	)	$	(13,420	)		544.4	%	$	(4,843	)	$	(509	)	$	(4,334	)		851.5	%

(1)	All Other units consist of retail sales of used vehicles from TDA.
(2)	The Retail Financing segment represents UACC’s operations with its network of third-party dealership customers as of the closing of the UACC acquisition in February 2022.
(3)	All Other revenues and gross profit consist of retail sales of used vehicles from TDA and fees earned on sales of value-added products associated with those vehicles sales and the CarStory business.
(4)	Gross profit per unit metrics exclude the Retail Financing gross profit and All Other gross profit.

SG&A

	Three Months Ended December 31,											Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022			Change			% Change			2023		2022		Change			% Change
	(in thousands)											(in thousands)
Compensation & benefits	$	35,738	$	52,043		$	(16,305	)		(31.3	)%	$	166,056	$	251,153	$	(85,097	)		(33.9	)%
Marketing expense		8,570		9,852			(1,282	)		(13.0	)%		48,440		79,670		(31,230	)		(39.2	)%
Outbound logistics		2,215		(902	)		3,117			345.6	%		8,466		39,023		(30,557	)		(78.3	)%
Occupancy and related costs		4,410		5,955			(1,545	)		(25.9	)%		18,010		23,363		(5,353	)		(22.9	)%
Professional fees		4,625		6,870			(2,245	)		(32.7	)%		20,129		33,455		(13,326	)		(39.8	)%
Software and IT costs		8,912		11,164			(2,252	)		(20.2	)%		36,466		44,570		(8,104	)		(18.2	)%
Other		13,109		5,778			7,331			126.9	%		43,090		95,153		(52,063	)		(54.7	)%
Total selling, general & administrative expenses	$	77,579	$	90,760		$	(13,181	)		(14.5	)%	$	340,657	$	566,387	$	(225,730	)		(39.9	)%

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance:

• EBITDA;
• Adjusted EBITDA;
• Adjusted EBITDA excluding non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues;
• Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain; and
• Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain and non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues.

These non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Because of these limitations, these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered along with other operating and financial performance measures presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have reconciled all non-GAAP financial measures with the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures.

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA excluding non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues, Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain, and Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain and non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues are supplemental performance measures that our management uses to assess our operating performance and the operating leverage in our business. Because each of these non-GAAP financial measures facilitate internal comparisons of our historical operating performance on a more consistent basis, we use these measures for business planning purposes.

EBITDA

We calculate EBITDA as net loss before interest expense, interest income, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization expense.

Adjusted EBITDA

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA adjusted to exclude severance costs, gain on debt extinguishment, severe weather-related costs, long-lived asset impairment charges, goodwill impairment charge, realignment costs, acquisition related costs, and the acceleration of non-cash stock-based compensation. Changes in fair value of financial instruments can fluctuate significantly from period to period and previously related primarily to historical finance receivables and debt which have been securitized, and acquired on February 1, 2022 from UACC. As a result of current market conditions, the financial instruments related to the 2022-2 and 2023-1 securitization transactions are recognized on balance-sheet and accounted for under the fair value option. See Note 17 — Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. As a result, the majority of our finance receivables are now carried at fair value and a significant portion of the risk of loss associated with these finance receivables have been retained by UACC. We therefore have determined we will no longer make any adjustments for such fluctuations in fair value to our Adjusted EBITDA results. We have recast the prior period presented to conform to current period presentation. We may account for future securitizations as on balance sheet transactions depending on the market conditions.

Adjusted EBITDA excluding non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA excluding non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues as Adjusted EBITDA adjusted to exclude the non-recurring costs incurred to address operational and customer experience issues, including rental cars for our customers and legal settlements with customers and state DMVs.

Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain as Adjusted EBITDA adjusted to exclude the securitization gain from the sale of UACC's finance receivables, and believe that it provides a useful perspective on the underlying operating results and trends and a means to compare our period-over-period results.

Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain and non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain and non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues as Adjusted EBITDA adjusted to exclude the securitization gain from the sale of UACC’s finance receivables and the non-recurring costs incurred to address operational and customer experience issues.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the foregoing non-GAAP financial measures to net loss, which is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure:

	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Net loss	$	(141,321	)	$	24,765		$	(365,540	)	$	(451,910	)
Adjusted to exclude the following:
Interest expense		14,530			12,076			45,445			40,693
Interest income		(4,789	)		(6,372	)		(21,158	)		(19,363	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		(303	)		2,405			615			(19,680	)
Depreciation and amortization		11,055			10,702			43,476			38,707
EBITDA	$	(120,828	)	$	43,576		$	(297,162	)	$	(411,553	)
Severance costs	$	48		$	—		$	6,703		$	—
Gain on debt extinguishment		(18,238	)		(126,767	)		(37,878	)		(164,684	)
Hail storm costs		—			—			2,353			—
Long-lived asset impairment charges		47,396			3,679			48,748			5,806
Goodwill impairment charge		—			—			—			201,703
Realignment costs		—			2,253			—			15,025
Acquisition related costs		—			—			—			5,653
Acceleration of non-cash stock-based compensation		—			2,439			—			2,439
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(91,622	)	$	(74,820	)	$	(277,236	)	$	(345,611	)
Non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues		3,247			374			4,065			25,433
Adjusted EBITDA excluding non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues	$	(88,375	)	$	(74,446	)	$	(273,171	)	$	(320,178	)
Securitization gain		—			—			—			(45,589	)
Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain	$	(91,622	)	$	(74,820	)	$	(277,236	)	$	(391,200	)
Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain and non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues	$	(88,375	)	$	(74,446	)	$	(273,171	)	$	(365,767	)

FOURTH QUARTER 2023 AS COMPARED TO THIRD QUARTER 2023

		Three Months Ended December 31,			Three Months Ended September 30,
		2023			2023			Change			% Change
	(in thousands, except unit data)
Total revenues		$	235,924		$	235,634		$	290			0.1	%
Total gross profit		$	29,047		$	48,094		$	(19,047	)		(39.6	)%
Ecommerce units sold			4,780			4,561			219			4.8	%
Ecommerce revenue		$	152,461		$	149,851		$	2,610			1.7	%
Ecommerce gross profit		$	22,668		$	14,339		$	8,329			58.1	%
Vehicle gross profit (loss) per ecommerce unit		$	1,545		$	516		$	1,029			199.4	%
Product gross profit per ecommerce unit			3,197			2,628			569			21.7	%
Total gross profit per ecommerce unit		$	4,742		$	3,144		$	1,598			50.8	%
Wholesale units sold			1,821			2,270			(449	)		(19.8	)%
Wholesale revenue		$	28,526		$	30,898		$	(2,372	)		(7.7	)%
Wholesale gross (loss) profit		$	(28,927	)	$	(1,495	)	$	(27,432	)		1,834.9	%
Wholesale gross (loss) profit per unit		$	(15,885	)	$	(659	)	$	(15,226	)		2,310.5	%
Retail Financing revenue		$	41,999		$	40,823		$	1,176			2.9	%
Retail Financing gross profit		$	33,427		$	32,341		$	1,086			3.4	%
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses		$	77,579		$	79,586		$	(2,007	)		(2.5	)%

	Three Months Ended December 31,			Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023			2023			Change			% Change
	(in thousands)
Net loss	$	(141,321	)	$	(82,857	)	$	(58,464	)		70.6	%
Adjusted to exclude the following:
Interest expense		14,530			12,058			2,472			20.5	%
Interest income		(4,789	)		(5,506	)		717			13.0	%
Provision for income taxes		(303	)		260			(563	)		(216.5	)%
Depreciation and amortization		11,055			11,248			(193	)		(1.7	)%
EBITDA	$	(120,828	)	$	(64,797	)	$	(56,031	)		86.5	%
Severance costs	$	48		$	274		$	(226	)		(82.4	)%
Gain on debt extinguishment		(18,238	)		—			(18,238	)		(100.0	)%
Long-lived asset impairment charges		47,396			—			47,396			100.0	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(91,622	)	$	(64,523	)	$	(27,099	)		42.0	%
Non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues		3,247			32			3,215			10,047.2	%
Adjusted EBITDA excluding non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues	$	(88,375	)	$	(64,491	)	$	(23,884	)		(37.0	)%
Securitization gain		—			—			—			0.0	%
Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain	$	(91,622	)	$	(64,523	)	$	(27,099	)		42.0	%
Adjusted EBITDA excluding securitization gain and non-recurring costs to address operational and customer experience issues	$	(88,375	)	$	(64,491	)	$	(23,884	)		37.0	%

Liquidity Outlook

We expect year-end 2024 cash and cash equivalents in the range of $35.0 to $65.0 million.

The foregoing estimate is a forward-looking statement that reflects the Company’s expectation as of March 13, 2024 and is subject to substantial uncertainty. See “Forward-Looking Statements” below.

About Vroom (Nasdaq: VRM)

Vroom owns and operates United Auto Credit Corporation (UACC), a leading indirect automotive lender serving the independent and franchise dealer market nationwide, and CarStory, a leader in AI-powered analytics and digital services for automotive retail. During fiscal 2023, Vroom also operated an end-to-end ecommerce platform to buy and sell used vehicles. Pursuant to its previously announced Value Maximization Plan, Vroom discontinued its ecommerce operations and is winding down its used vehicle dealership business.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this press release that do not relate to matters of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements, including without limitation statements regarding the potential impacts of the execution of and the expected benefits and cost-savings, if any, from our Value Maximization Plan, any anticipated costs and charges related to the Value Maximization Plan and the anticipated timeline of such costs, charges, implementation or completion of the Value Maximization Plan, our expectations regarding United Auto Credit Corporation and CarStory; our ability to successfully wind down and halt our ecommerce operations, and future results of operations and financial position, including our liquidity outlook for 2024. These statements are based on management’s current assumptions and are neither promises nor guarantees, but involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. For factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this press release, please see the risks and uncertainties identified under the heading "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is available on our Investor Relations website at ir.vroom.com and on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. All forward-looking statements reflect our beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this press release. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances.

VROOM, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (unaudited)
	As of December 31,
	2023			2022
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	135,585		$	398,915
Restricted cash (including restricted cash of consolidated VIEs of $49.1 million and $24.7 million, respectively)		73,234			73,095
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $11.2 million and $21.5 million, respectively		9,139			13,967
Finance receivables at fair value (including finance receivables of consolidated VIEs of $11.8 million and $11.5 million, respectively)		12,501			12,939
Finance receivables held for sale, net (including finance receivables of consolidated VIEs of $457.2 million and $305.9 million, respectively)		503,546			321,626
Inventory		163,250			320,648
Beneficial interests in securitizations		4,485			20,592
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (including other current assets of consolidated VIEs of $25.2 million and $11.7 million, respectively)		50,899			58,327
Total current assets		952,639			1,220,109
Finance receivables at fair value (including finance receivables of consolidated VIEs of $329.6 million and $119.6 million, respectively)		336,169			140,235
Property and equipment, net		24,132			50,201
Intangible assets, net		131,892			158,910
Operating lease right-of-use assets		7,063			23,568
Other assets (including other assets of consolidated VIEs of $1.8 million and $0 million, respectively)		23,527			26,004
Total assets	$	1,475,422		$	1,619,027
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	26,762		$	34,702
Accrued expenses (including accrued expenses of consolidated VIEs of $4.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively)		52,452			76,795
Vehicle floorplan		151,178			276,988
Warehouse credit facilities of consolidated VIEs		421,268			229,518
Current portion of long-term debt (including current portion of securitization debt of consolidated VIEs at fair value of $163.5 million and $47.2 million, respectively)		172,410			47,239
Deferred revenue		14,025			10,655
Operating lease liabilities, current		8,737			9,730
Other current liabilities		9,974			17,693
Total current liabilities		856,806			703,320
Long-term debt, net of current portion (including securitization debt of consolidated VIEs of $150.6 million and $32.6 million at fair value, respectively)		454,173			402,154
Operating lease liabilities, excluding current portion		25,183			20,129
Other long-term liabilities (including other long-term liabilities of consolidated VIEs of $10.4 million and $7.4 million, respectively)		17,109			18,183
Total liabilities		1,353,271			1,143,786
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and 2022; 1,791,286 and 1,727,525 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively		2			2
Additional paid-in-capital		2,088,381			2,075,931
Accumulated deficit		(1,966,232	)		(1,600,692	)
Total stockholders’ equity		122,151			475,241
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,475,422		$	1,619,027

VROOM, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except share and per share amounts) (unaudited)
	Three Months Ended December 31,						Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue:
Retail vehicle, net	$	146,424		$	142,579		$	565,972		$	1,425,842
Wholesale vehicle		28,526			23,039			104,119			293,528
Product, net		15,754			10,793			52,253			62,747
Finance		41,999			32,537			156,938			152,542
Other		3,221			401			13,921			14,242
Total revenue		235,924			209,349			893,203			1,948,901
Cost of sales:
Retail vehicle		138,648			147,867			553,565			1,382,005
Wholesale vehicle		57,453			27,399			138,472			304,148
Product		819			—			3,337			—
Finance		8,573			3,793			31,328			14,161
Other		1,384			831			4,554			3,800
Total cost of sales		206,877			179,890			731,256			1,704,114
Total gross profit		29,047			29,459			161,947			244,787
Selling, general and administrative expenses		77,579			90,760			340,657			566,387
Depreciation and amortization		10,924			10,562			42,769			38,290
Impairment charges		47,395			5,746			48,748			211,873
Loss from operations		(106,851	)		(77,609	)		(270,227	)		(571,763	)
Gain on debt extinguishment		(18,238	)		(126,767	)		(37,878	)		(164,684	)
Interest expense		14,530			12,076			45,445			40,693
Interest income		(4,789	)		(6,372	)		(21,158	)		(19,363	)
Other loss, net		43,270			16,284			108,289			43,181
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes		(141,624	)		27,170			(364,925	)		(471,590	)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(303	)		2,405			615			(19,680	)
Net (loss) income	$	(141,321	)	$	24,765		$	(365,540	)	$	(451,910	)
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic	$	(80.51	)	$	14.34		$	(209.70	)	$	(262.15	)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic		1,755,387			1,727,203			1,743,128			1,723,843
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted	$	(80.51	)	$	13.52		$	(209.70	)	$	(262.15	)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted		1,755,387			1,832,223			1,743,128			1,723,843

VROOM, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) (unaudited)
	Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(365,540	)	$	(451,910	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Impairment charges		48,748			211,873
Gain on debt extinguishment		(37,878	)		(164,684	)
Depreciation and amortization		43,476			38,707
Amortization of debt issuance costs		4,598			4,809
Realized gains on securitization transactions		—			(45,589	)
Deferred taxes		—			(23,855	)
Losses on finance receivables and securitization debt, net		114,702			66,839
Stock-based compensation expense		10,051			11,957
Provision to record inventory at lower of cost or net realizable value		(2,360	)		1,812
Provision for bad debt		4,074			13,406
Provision to record finance receivables held for sale at lower of cost or fair value		20,566			6,541
Amortization of unearned discounts on finance receivables at fair value		(25,954	)		(14,593	)
Other, net		(17,393	)		(7,512	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Finance receivables, held for sale
Originations of finance receivables held for sale		(582,170	)		(625,575	)
Principal payments received on finance receivables held for sale		105,858			64,521
Proceeds from sale of finance receivables held for sale, net		—			509,612
Other		(1,606	)		(7,701	)
Accounts receivable		754			78,060
Inventory		159,758			403,924
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		22,711			4,146
Other assets		3,266			(2,546	)
Accounts payable		(7,940	)		(24,281	)
Accrued expenses		(24,766	)		(53,553	)
Deferred revenue		3,370			(65,148	)
Other liabilities		(10,009	)		(38,325	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(533,684	)		(109,065	)
Investing activities
Finance receivables at fair value
Purchases of finance receivables at fair value		(3,392	)		(56,484	)
Principal payments received on finance receivables at fair value		174,748			132,391
Proceeds from sale of finance receivables at fair value, net		—			43,262
Consolidation of VIEs		11,409			—
Principal payments received on beneficial interests		5,193			8,341
Purchase of property and equipment		(14,805	)		(24,234	)
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired of $47.9 million		—			(267,488	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		173,153			(164,212	)
Financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock in at-the-market offering, net of offering costs		2,399			—
Proceeds from borrowings under secured financing agreements		261,991			—
Principal repayment under secured financing agreements		(208,476	)		(192,839	)
Proceeds from financing of beneficial interests in securitizations		24,506			—
Principal repayments of financing of beneficial interests in securitizations		(8,698	)		—
Proceeds from vehicle floorplan		559,331			1,403,042
Repayments of vehicle floorplan		(685,141	)		(1,638,855	)
Proceeds from warehouse credit facilities		480,100			520,800
Repayments of warehouse credit facilities		(290,483	)		(467,216	)
Repurchases of convertible senior notes		(36,536	)		(90,208	)
Other financing activities		(1,653	)		(4,212	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		97,340			(469,488	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(263,191	)		(742,765	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of period		472,010			1,214,775
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of period	$	208,819		$	472,010

VROOM, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued) (in thousands) (unaudited)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	59,351	$	34,907
Cash paid for income taxes	$	5,363	$	2,409
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Finance receivables from consolidation of 2022-2 securitization transaction	$	180,706	$	—
Elimination of beneficial interest from the consolidation of 2022-2 securitization transaction	$	9,811	$	—
Securitization debt from consolidation of 2022-2 securitization transaction	$	186,386	$	—
Reclassification of finance receivables held for sale to finance receivables at fair value, net	$	248,081	$	—
Fair value of beneficial interests received in securitization transactions	$	—	$	30,082