Cummins Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Results

• Full year revenues of $24 billion; GAAP¹ Net Income of $2.1 billion
• EBITDA for the full year was 14.7 percent of sales; Diluted EPS of $14.61
• Fourth quarter revenues of $5.9 billion; GAAP¹ Net Income of $394 million
• Fourth quarter EBITDA of 12.1 percent; Diluted EPS of $2.73
• The company expects full year 2022 revenues to be up 6 percent, EBITDA expected to be approximately 15.5 percent

COLUMBUS, Ind.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Cummins Inc. (NYSE: CMI) today reported full year 2021 results.

Revenues for the full year were $24 billion, 21 percent higher than 2020. Sales in North America increased 17 percent and international revenues increased 27 percent. Sales increased in all major regions compared to the prior year, which was severely impacted by the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

EBITDA for the year was $3.5 billion (14.7 percent of sales) compared to $3.1 billion (15.7 percent of sales) in 2020.

Net income attributable to Cummins for the full year was $2.1 billion ($14.61 per diluted share), compared to net income of $1.8 billion ($12.01 per diluted share) in 2020. The tax rate for 2021 was 21.3 percent.

Fourth quarter revenues of $5.9 billion were flat with the same quarter in 2020. Sales in North America decreased 4 percent while international revenues increased 6 percent driven by strong demand across most global markets, with the exception of China, compared to the same quarter in 2020.

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) in the fourth quarter were $705 million (12.1 percent of sales), compared to $837 million (14.4 percent of sales) a year ago.

Net income attributable to Cummins in the fourth quarter was $394 million ($2.73 per diluted share) compared to $501 million ($3.36 per diluted share) in 2020. The tax rate in the fourth quarter was 22.2 percent.

“Strong economic recovery combined with high demand for our products resulted in record full year revenues in 2021. Our industry continues to experience significant supply chain constraints resulting in elevated manufacturing, logistics, and material costs resulting in margins below our expectations, particularly in the fourth quarter,” said Chairman and CEO Tom Linebarger. “We have taken actions to improve margins in 2022 and expect to generate strong incremental margins through increased pricing, surcharges, a number of cost reduction initiatives and operational improvements. Having effectively managed through a challenging 2021, Cummins is in a solid position to keep investing in future growth while continuing to return cash to shareholders. The transition to low carbon power across industries will be a significant driver in the fight against climate change and will require a broad mix of innovative technologies to achieve these goals. This decarbonization effort represents a significant growth opportunity for Cummins as many of our OEM partners and end customers look to achieve their climate goals, while still having power solutions that fulfill their needs. Cummins key capabilities uniquely position us to lead in the transition to zero emissions.”

2022 Outlook:

Based on the current forecast, Cummins projects full year 2022 revenues to be up 6 percent, and EBITDA to be approximately 15.5 percent of sales. We expect revenues to increase in all regions and major markets except China where we expect demand to moderate after a record year in 2021.

The company plans to continue to generate strong operating cash flow and returns for shareholders.

2021 Highlights:

• Cummins increased its cash dividend for the 12th straight year and returned a total of $2.2 billion to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2 billion in shares of common stock upon completion of the company’s 2019 $2 billion share repurchase program, reinforcing the company’s commitment to deliver strong returns to shareholders and confidence in long-term performance.

• Cummins announced that it will bring to market a 15-liter natural gas engine for heavy-duty trucks. The 15-liter natural gas engine is an important part of Destination Zero, Cummins strategy for the best way to decarbonize our industry, focusing on reducing carbon from the technologies that are widely available today, while investing in the infrastructure capabilities and technologies with the potential to reach zero. The strategy focuses on new powertrains including advanced diesel, natural gas, hydrogen engines, hybrids, battery electric, and fuel cells along with an increased use of low carbon fuels and renewable electricity. The expanding product lineup will help achieve Cummins’ PLANET 2050 environmental goals which include lowering emissions from newly sold products by 30% by 2030 and a goal of carbon neutrality by 2050, aligned with the Paris Climate Accord targets.

• Cummins and Sinopec announced the formation of a 50:50 joint venture, Cummins Enze, to accelerate the affordability and availability of green hydrogen in China. The joint venture will invest in an electrolyzer plant with annual capacity starting at 500 megawatts in 2023, and scalable to one gigawatt within 5 years after completion. Cummins Enze will also provide a variety of hydrogen generation system solutions to meet diversified application requirements for both small and large scale hydrogen production.

• In August, the company announced its exploration of strategic alternatives for its Filtration business unit. The company believes the separation will create value for both companies by enabling enhanced focus on key strategic initiatives, continued innovation in core and new technologies for Cummins, and greater focus and operating flexibility for the Filtration business. The method and timing of the separation are under evaluation.

• In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the company launched an aggressive global effort to acquire vaccines and provide them onsite or near-site to our employees, their families and other stakeholders. By partnering with governments and health care providers, we facilitated the delivery of over 45,000 doses of approved vaccines to employees. This includes over 5,000 shots in the U.S., over 30,000 shots in India and over 10,000 shots in Mexico.

• In October 2021, Cummins was named to the S&P Dow Jones World and North American Sustainability Indexes. It was the 16th consecutive time the company was named to the North American index and the first time on the world index since 2013. The prestigious indices rate companies on their environmental, social and governance performance.

¹ Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the U.S.

Fourth quarter 2021 detail (all comparisons to same period in 2020):

Engine Segment

• Sales - $2.4 billion, up 4 percent
• Segment EBITDA - $264 million, or 10.9 percent of sales, compared to $338 million or 14.5 percent of sales
• On-highway revenues increased 5 percent and off-highway revenues increased 2 percent
• Sales in North America decreased 4 percent while international sales increased 26 percent driven by demand across Australia, Europe, and Latin America

Distribution Segment

• Sales - $2.1 billion, up 3 percent
• Segment EBITDA - $178 million, or 8.6 percent of sales, compared to $165 million or 8.3 percent of sales
• Revenues in North America were down 1 percent while international sales increased by 10 percent driven by strong demand in Russia
• Increased engine and aftermarket demand offset a decline in power generation

Components Segment

• Sales - $1.7 billion, down 6 percent
• Segment EBITDA - $205 million, or 11.9 percent of sales, compared to $280 million or 15.3 percent of sales
• Revenues in North America increased 1 percent and international sales decreased 12 percent due to lower demand in China

Power Systems Segment

• Sales - $1.1 billion, up 10 percent
• Segment EBITDA - $97 million, or 8.9 percent of sales, compared to $74 million, or 7.5 percent of sales
• Power generation revenues decreased by 6 percent while industrial revenues increased 37 percent driven by strong mining demand

New Power Segment

• Sales - $34 million, flat with the same quarter last year
• Segment EBITDA loss - $54 million
• Continued investment in the development of fuel cells and electrolyzers as well as products to support battery electric vehicles is expected to support strong growth in 2022 and beyond and is contributing to current EBITDA losses.

About Cummins Inc.

Cummins Inc., a global power leader, is a corporation of complementary business segments that design, manufacture, distribute and service a broad portfolio of power solutions. The company’s products range from diesel, natural gas, electric and hybrid powertrains and powertrain-related components including filtration, aftertreatment, turbochargers, fuel systems, controls systems, air handling systems, automated transmissions, electric power generation systems, batteries, electrified power systems, hydrogen generation and fuel cell products. Headquartered in Columbus, Indiana (U.S.), since its founding in 1919, Cummins employs approximately 59,900 people committed to powering a more prosperous world through three global corporate responsibility priorities critical to healthy communities: education, environment and equality of opportunity. Cummins serves its customers online, through a network of company-owned and independent distributor locations, and through thousands of dealer locations worldwide and earned about $2.1 billion on sales of $24.0 billion in 2021. See how Cummins is powering a world that’s always on by accessing news releases and more information at https://www.cummins.com/always-on.

Forward-looking disclosure statement

Information provided in this release that is not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding our forecasts, guidance, preliminary results, expectations, hopes, beliefs and intentions on strategies regarding the future. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to our plans and expectations for our revenues and EBITDA. Our actual future results could differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements because of a number of factors, including, but not limited to: any adverse results of our internal review into our emissions certification process and compliance with emission standards; increased scrutiny from regulatory agencies, as well as unpredictability in the adoption, implementation and enforcement of emission standards around the world; policy changes in international trade; any adverse effects of the U.S. government's COVID-19 vaccine mandates; the U.K.'s exit from the European Union; changes in taxation; global legal and ethical compliance costs and risks; increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations; future bans or limitations on the use of diesel-powered products; supply shortages and supplier financial risk, particularly from any of our single-sourced suppliers, including suppliers that may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic; market slowdown due to the impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, other public health crises, epidemics or pandemics; impacts to manufacturing and supply chain abilities from an extended shutdown or disruption of our operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic; aligning our capacity and production with our demand, including impacts of COVID-19; large truck manufacturers' and original equipment manufacturers' customers discontinuing outsourcing their engine supply needs or experiencing financial distress, particularly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, bankruptcy or change in control; a slowdown in infrastructure development and/or depressed commodity prices; failure to realize expected results from our investment in Eaton Cummins Automated Transmission Technologies joint venture; the actions of, and income from, joint ventures and other investees that we do not directly control; product recalls; the development of new technologies that reduce demand for our current products and services; lower than expected acceptance of new or existing products or services; variability in material and commodity costs; product liability claims; our sales mix of products; protection and validity of our patent and other intellectual property rights; disruptions in global credit and financial markets as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic; labor relations or work stoppages; reliance on our executive leadership team and other key personnel; climate change and global warming; our plan to reposition our portfolio of product offerings through exploration of strategic acquisitions and divestitures and related uncertainties of entering such transactions; exposure to potential security breaches or other disruptions to our information technology systems and data security; political, economic and other risks from operations in numerous countries; competitor activity; increasing competition, including increased global competition among our customers in emerging markets; foreign currency exchange rate changes; the performance of our pension plan assets and volatility of discount rates, particularly those related to the sustained slowdown of the global economy due to the COVID-19 pandemic; the price and availability of energy; the outcome of pending and future litigation and governmental proceedings; continued availability of financing, financial instruments and financial resources in the amounts, at the times and on the terms required to support our future business; and other risks detailed from time to time in our SEC filings, including particularly in the Risk Factors section of our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Shareholders, potential investors and other readers are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements made herein are made only as of the date of this press release and we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. More detailed information about factors that may affect our performance may be found in our filings with the SEC, which are available at http://www.sec.gov or at http://www.cummins.com in the Investor Relations section of our website.

Presentation of Non-GAAP Financial Information

EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure used in this release and is defined and reconciled to what management believes to be the most comparable GAAP measure in a schedule attached to this release. Cummins presents this information as it believes it is useful to understanding the Company's operating performance, and because EBITDA is a measure used internally to assess the performance of the operating units.

Webcast information

Cummins management will host a teleconference to discuss these results today at 10 a.m. EST. This teleconference will be webcast and available on the Investor Relations section of the Cummins website at www.cummins.com. Participants wishing to view the visuals available with the audio are encouraged to sign-in a few minutes prior to the start of the teleconference.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET INCOME
(Unaudited) (a)
	Three months ended December 31,
In millions, except per share amounts	2021			2020
NET SALES	$	5,850		$	5,830
Cost of sales		4,533			4,469
GROSS MARGIN		1,317			1,361
OPERATING EXPENSES AND INCOME
Selling, general and administrative expenses		629			576
Research, development and engineering expenses		288			255
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees		109			110
Other operating expense, net		(14	)		(11	)
OPERATING INCOME		495			629
Interest expense		26			29
Other income, net		45			35
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		514			635
Income tax expense		114			125
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		400			510
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		6			9
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO CUMMINS INC.	$	394		$	501
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CUMMINS INC.
Basic	$	2.76		$	3.39
Diluted	$	2.73		$	3.36
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic		142.9			148.0
Diluted		144.1			149.3
^(a) Prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET INCOME
(Unaudited) (a)
	Years ended December 31,
In millions, except per share amounts	2021			2020
NET SALES	$	24,021		$	19,811
Cost of sales		18,326			14,917
GROSS MARGIN		5,695			4,894
OPERATING EXPENSES AND INCOME
Selling, general and administrative expenses		2,374			2,125
Research, development and engineering expenses		1,090			906
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees		506			452
Other operating expense, net		(31	)		(46	)
OPERATING INCOME		2,706			2,269
Interest expense		111			100
Other income, net		156			169
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		2,751			2,338
Income tax expense		587			527
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		2,164			1,811
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		33			22
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO CUMMINS INC.	$	2,131		$	1,789
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO CUMMINS INC.
Basic	$	14.74		$	12.07
Diluted	$	14.61		$	12.01
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic		144.6			148.2
Diluted		145.9			149.0
^(a) Prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited) (a)
In millions, except par value	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,592		$	3,401
Marketable securities		595			461
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities		3,187			3,862
Accounts and notes receivable, net		3,990			3,820
Inventories		4,355			3,425
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		777			790
Total current assets		12,309			11,897
Long-term assets
Property, plant and equipment, net		4,422			4,255
Investments and advances related to equity method investees		1,538			1,441
Goodwill		1,287			1,293
Other intangible assets, net		900			963
Pension assets		1,488			1,042
Other assets		1,766			1,733
Total assets	$	23,710		$	22,624
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable (principally trade)	$	3,021		$	2,820
Loans payable		208			169
Commercial paper		313			323
Accrued compensation, benefits and retirement costs		683			484
Current portion of accrued product warranty		755			674
Current portion of deferred revenue		855			691
Other accrued expenses		1,190			1,112
Current maturities of long-term debt		59			62
Total current liabilities		7,084			6,335
Long-term liabilities
Long-term debt		3,579			3,610
Pensions and other postretirement benefits		604			630
Accrued product warranty		684			672
Deferred revenue		850			840
Other liabilities		1,508			1,548
Total liabilities	$	14,309		$	13,635
EQUITY
Cummins Inc. shareholders’ equity
Common stock, $2.50 par value, 500 shares authorized, 222.5 and 222.4 shares issued	$	2,427		$	2,404
Retained earnings		16,741			15,419
Treasury stock, at cost, 80.0 and 74.8 shares		(9,123	)		(7,779	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,571	)		(1,982	)
Total Cummins Inc. shareholders’ equity		8,474			8,062
Noncontrolling interests		927			927
Total equity	$	9,401		$	8,989
Total liabilities and equity	$	23,710		$	22,624
^(a) Prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited) (a)
	Three months ended December 31,
In millions	2021			2020
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	$	732		$	1,142
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures		(372	)		(260	)
Investments in internal use software		(16	)		(14	)
Investments in and advances to equity investees		(51	)		(21	)
Investments in marketable securities—acquisitions		(237	)		(171	)
Investments in marketable securities—liquidations		71			61
Cash flows from derivatives not designated as hedges		30			19
Other, net		(20	)		4
Net cash used in investing activities		(595	)		(382	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from borrowings		44			15
Net borrowings of commercial paper		113			7
Payments on borrowings and finance lease obligations		(16	)		(32	)
Net borrowings under short-term credit agreements		65			4
Dividend payments on common stock		(208	)		(200	)
Repurchases of common stock		(174	)		(91	)
Proceeds from issuing common stock		29			10
Other, net		(1	)		3
Net cash used in financing activities		(148	)		(284	)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		15			(42	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		4			434
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		2,588			2,967
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD	$	2,592		$	3,401
^(a) Prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited) (a)
	Years ended December 31,
In millions	2021			2020
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	$	2,256		$	2,722
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures		(734	)		(528	)
Investments in internal use software		(52	)		(47	)
Proceeds from sale of land		20			—
Investments in and advances to equity investees		(48	)		(51	)
Investments in marketable securities—acquisitions		(806	)		(593	)
Investments in marketable securities—liquidations		673			469
Cash flows from derivatives not designated as hedges		49			4
Other, net		25			27
Net cash used in investing activities		(873	)		(719	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from borrowings		79			2,014
Net payments of commercial paper		(10	)		(337	)
Payments on borrowings and finance lease obligations		(73	)		(73	)
Net (payments) borrowings under short-term credit agreements		(28	)		10
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		(28	)		(26	)
Dividend payments on common stock		(809	)		(782	)
Repurchases of common stock		(1,402	)		(641	)
Proceeds from issuing common stock		56			88
Other, net		(12	)		27
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(2,227	)		280
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		35			(11	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(809	)		2,272
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		3,401			1,129
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD	$	2,592		$	3,401
^(a) Prepared on an unaudited basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEGMENT INFORMATION
(Unaudited)
In millions	Engine			Distribution			Components			Power Systems			New Power			Total Segments			Intersegment Eliminations ^(1)			Total
Three months ended December 31, 2021
External sales	$	1,813		$	2,050		$	1,305		$	651		$	31		$	5,850		$	—		$	5,850
Intersegment sales		613			8			421			435			3			1,480			(1,480	)		—
Total sales		2,426			2,058			1,726			1,086			34			7,330			(1,480	)		5,850
Research, development and engineering expenses		111			13			75			62			27			288			—			288
Equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees		62			16			9			24			(2	)		109			—			109
Interest income		1			2			2			2			—			7			—			7
EBITDA ^(2)		264			178			205			97			(54	)		690			15			705
Depreciation and amortization ^(3)		51			28			45			34			7			165			—			165
EBITDA as a percentage of segment sales		10.9	%		8.6	%		11.9	%		8.9	%		NM			9.4	%					12.1	%
Three months ended December 31, 2020
External sales	$	1,792		$	1,987		$	1,458		$	560		$	33		$	5,830		$	—		$	5,830
Intersegment sales		537			9			373			429			1			1,349			(1,349	)		—
Total sales		2,329			1,996			1,831			989			34			7,179			(1,349	)		5,830
Research, development and engineering expenses		73			11			77			64			30			255			—			255
Equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees		76			17			15			3			(1	)		110			—			110
Interest income		3			1			1			1			—			6			—			6
EBITDA ^(2)		338			165			280			74			(51	)		806			31			837
Depreciation and amortization ^(3)		53			31			50			34			5			173			—			173
EBITDA as a percentage of segment sales		14.5	%		8.3	%		15.3	%		7.5	%		NM			11.2	%					14.4	%
"NM" - not meaningful information
^(1)Includes intersegment sales, intersegment profit in inventory eliminations and unallocated corporate expenses. There were no significant unallocated corporate expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
^(2)EBITDA is defined as earnings or losses before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests.
^(3)Depreciation and amortization, as shown on a segment basis, excludes the amortization of debt discount and deferred costs included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income as "Interest expense." A portion of depreciation expense is included in "Research, development and engineering expenses."

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEGMENT INFORMATION
(Unaudited)
In millions	Engine			Distribution			Components			Power Systems			New Power			Total Segments			Intersegment Eliminations ^(1)			Total
Year ended December 31, 2021
External sales	$	7,589		$	7,742		$	5,932		$	2,650		$	108		$	24,021		$	—		$	24,021
Intersegment sales		2,365			30			1,733			1,765			8			5,901			(5,901	)		—
Total sales		9,954			7,772			7,665			4,415			116			29,922			(5,901	)		24,021
Research, development and engineering expenses		399			48			307			234			102			1,090			—			1,090
Equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees		340			63			50			56			(3	)		506			—			506
Interest income		8			7			5			5			—			25			—			25
EBITDA ^(2)		1,411			731			1,180			496			(223	)		3,595			(74	)		3,521
Depreciation and amortization ^(3)		205			116			183			131			24			659			—			659
EBITDA as a percentage of total sales		14.2	%		9.4	%		15.4	%		11.2	%		NM			12.0	%					14.7	%
Year ended December 31, 2020
External sales	$	5,925		$	7,110		$	4,650		$	2,055		$	71		$	19,811		$	—		$	19,811
Intersegment sales		2,097			26			1,374			1,576			1			5,074			(5,074	)		—
Total sales		8,022			7,136			6,024			3,631			72			24,885			(5,074	)		19,811
Research, development and engineering expenses		290			31			264			212			109			906			—			906
Equity, royalty and interest income (loss) from investees		312			62			61			21			(4	)		452			—			452
Interest income		9			4			4			4			—			21			—			21
EBITDA ^(2)		1,235			665			961			343			(172	)		3,032			76			3,108
Depreciation and amortization ^(3)		208			122			192			130			18			670			—			670
EBITDA as a percentage of total sales		15.4	%		9.3	%		16.0	%		9.4	%		NM			12.2	%					15.7	%
"NM" - not meaningful information
^(1)Includes intersegment sales, intersegment profit in inventory eliminations and unallocated corporate expenses. There were no significant unallocated corporate expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
^(2)EBITDA is defined as earnings or losses before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and noncontrolling interests.
^(3)Depreciation and amortization, as shown on a segment basis, excludes the amortization of debt discount and deferred costs included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income as "Interest expense." The amortization of debt discount and deferred costs was $3 million and $3 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. A portion of depreciation expense is included in "Research, development and engineering expenses."

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEGMENT INFORMATION
(Unaudited)
A reconciliation of our segment information to the corresponding amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income is shown in the table below:
	Three months ended December 31,						Years ended December 31,
In millions	2021			2020			2021			2020
EBITDA	$	705		$	837		$	3,521		$	3,108
EBITDA as a percentage of net sales		12.1	%		14.4	%		14.7	%		15.7	%
Less:
Interest expense		26			29			111			100
Depreciation and amortization		165			173			659			670
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		514			635			2,751			2,338
Less: Income tax expense		114			125			587			527
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		400			510			2,164			1,811
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		6			9			33			22
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO CUMMINS INC.	$	394		$	501		$	2,131		$	1,789
Net income attributable to Cummins Inc. as a percentage of net sales		6.7	%		8.6	%		8.9	%		9.0	%

We believe EBITDA is a useful measure of our operating performance as it assists investors and debt holders in comparing our performance on a consistent basis without regard to financing methods, capital structure, income taxes or depreciation and amortization methods, which can vary significantly depending upon many factors.

EBITDA is not in accordance with, or an alternative for, accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) and may not be consistent with measures used by other companies. It should be considered supplemental data; however, the amounts included in the EBITDA calculation are derived from amounts included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income. Above is a reconciliation of EBITDA to “Net income attributable to Cummins Inc.” for each of the applicable periods.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SELECT FOOTNOTE DATA
(Unaudited)
EQUITY, ROYALTY AND INTEREST INCOME FROM INVESTEES
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income for the reporting periods was as follows:
	Three months ended December 31,					Years ended December 31,
In millions	2021		2020			2021		2020
Manufacturing entities
Dongfeng Cummins Engine Company, Ltd.	$	19	$	9		$	82	$	63
Chongqing Cummins Engine Company, Ltd.		11		8			39		35
Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Co., Ltd.		4		32			112		113
All other manufacturers		32		34	^(1)		149		134	^(1)(2)
Distribution entities
Komatsu Cummins Chile, Ltda.		9		8			32		31
All other distributors		4		1			10		2
Cummins share of net income		79		92			424		378
Royalty and interest income		30		18			82		74
Equity, royalty and interest income from investees	$	109	$	110		$	506	$	452
^(1)Includes loss on sale of business of $8 million for a joint venture in the Power Systems segment.
^(2)Includes $37 million in favorable adjustments related to tax changes within India's 2020-2021 Union Budget of India (India Tax Law Changes) passed in March 2020 and impairment charges of $13 million for a joint venture in the Power Systems segment.

INCOME TAXES

Our effective tax rate for 2022 is expected to approximate 21.5 percent, excluding any discrete items that may arise.

Our effective tax rates for the three months and year ended December 31, 2021, were 22.2 percent and 21.3 percent, respectively.

The three months ended December 31, 2021, contained unfavorable discrete tax items of $17 million, or $0.12 per share, primarily due to $11 million of unfavorable changes in U.S. research and development tax reserve and $6 million of net unfavorable other discrete tax items.

The year ended December 31, 2021, contained unfavorable net discrete tax items of $9 million, or $0.06 per share, primarily due to $12 million of unfavorable provision to return adjustments related to the 2020 filed tax returns, partially offset by $3 million of favorable other discrete tax items.

CUMMINS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
BUSINESS UNIT SALES DATA
(Unaudited)

Engine Segment Sales by Market and Unit Shipments by Engine Classification

Sales for our Engine segment by market were as follows:

2021
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Heavy-duty truck	$	827	$	839	$	861	$	801	$	3,328
Medium-duty truck and bus		674		688		713		702		2,777
Light-duty automotive		481		484		515		432		1,912
Off-highway		477		480		489		491		1,937
Total sales	$	2,459	$	2,491	$	2,578	$	2,426	$	9,954
2020
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Heavy-duty truck	$	750	$	415	$	694	$	789	$	2,648
Medium-duty truck and bus		618		391		492		565		2,066
Light-duty automotive		353		180		522		492		1,547
Off-highway		437		437		404		483		1,761
Total sales	$	2,158	$	1,423	$	2,112	$	2,329	$	8,022

Unit shipments by engine classification (including unit shipments to Power Systems and off-highway engine units included in their respective classification) were as follows:

2021
Units	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	YTD
Heavy-duty	30,700	29,400	29,200	28,300	117,600
Medium-duty	73,100	67,500	65,200	68,000	273,800
Light-duty	68,500	68,100	73,900	62,800	273,300
Total units	172,300	165,000	168,300	159,100	664,700
2020
Units	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	YTD
Heavy-duty	25,800	15,900	23,300	27,500	92,500
Medium-duty	61,200	44,900	50,100	64,700	220,900
Light-duty	49,400	29,800	67,200	69,400	215,800
Total units	136,400	90,600	140,600	161,600	529,200

Distribution Segment Sales by Product Line

Sales for our Distribution segment by product line were as follows:

2021
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Parts	$	757	$	765	$	800	$	823	$	3,145
Power generation		418		454		438		452		1,762
Engines		334		351		377		437		1,499
Service		326		350		344		346		1,366
Total sales	$	1,835	$	1,920	$	1,959	$	2,058	$	7,772
2020
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Parts	$	787	$	654	$	722	$	768	$	2,931
Power generation		376		377		416		523		1,692
Engines		323		277		279		371		1,250
Service		328		297		304		334		1,263
Total sales	$	1,814	$	1,605	$	1,721	$	1,996	$	7,136

Component Segment Sales by Business

Sales for our Components segment by business were as follows:

2021
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Emission solutions	$	1,035	$	882	$	793	$	789	$	3,499
Filtration		372		374		354		338		1,438
Turbo technologies		367		351		325		308		1,351
Electronics and fuel systems		263		241		210		185		899
Automated transmissions		115		146		111		106		478
Total sales	$	2,152	$	1,994	$	1,793	$	1,726	$	7,665
2020
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Emission solutions	$	664	$	472	$	665	$	831	$	2,632
Filtration		312		255		314		351		1,232
Turbo technologies		270		216		281		331		1,098
Electronics and fuel systems		174		164		187		229		754
Automated transmissions		82		43		94		89		308
Total sales	$	1,502	$	1,150	$	1,541	$	1,831	$	6,024

Power Systems Segment Sales by Product Line and Unit Shipments by Engine Classification

Sales for our Power Systems segment by product line were as follows:

2021
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Power generation	$	611	$	655	$	664	$	585	$	2,515
Industrial		324		399		412		399		1,534
Generator technologies		87		89		88		102		366
Total sales	$	1,022	$	1,143	$	1,164	$	1,086	$	4,415
2020
In millions	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		YTD
Power generation	$	519	$	424	$	601	$	623	$	2,167
Industrial		296		291		309		292		1,188
Generator technologies		69		62		71		74		276
Total sales	$	884	$	777	$	981	$	989	$	3,631

High-horsepower unit shipments by engine classification were as follows:

2021
Units	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	YTD
Power generation	2,100	1,800	2,500	2,000	8,400
Industrial	1,000	1,200	1,900	1,300	5,400
Total units	3,100	3,000	4,400	3,300	13,800
2020
Units	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	YTD
Power generation	1,800	1,000	2,300	2,600	7,700
Industrial	1,000	1,000	1,200	1,100	4,300
Total units	2,800	2,000	3,500	3,700	12,000