SAN JOSE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Adobe (Nasdaq:ADBE) today reported financial results for its fourth quarter and fiscal year 2019 ended Nov. 29, 2019.
In its fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019, Adobe achieved record quarterly revenue of $2.99 billion, which represents 21 percent year-over-year growth. In fiscal year 2019, Adobe achieved record annual revenue of $11.17 billion, which represents 24 percent year-over-year growth.
"Adobe's phenomenal performance in Q4 capped a record fiscal 2019 with revenue exceeding $11 billion,” said Shantanu Narayen, president and CEO, Adobe. "Adobe’s vision, category leadership, continuous product innovation and large and loyal customer base position us well for 2020 and beyond."
“Adobe delivered another year of strong revenue growth and expanding profitability resulting in record earnings," said John Murphy, executive vice president and CFO, Adobe. “We are bullish about our opportunities and our ability to continue to deliver strong top- and bottom-line growth."
Fourth Quarter Fiscal Year 2019 Financial Highlights
- Adobe achieved record quarterly revenue of $2.99 billion in its fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019, which represents 21 percent year-over-year growth. Diluted earnings per share was $1.74 on a GAAP-basis, and $2.29 on a non-GAAP basis.
- Digital Media segment revenue was $2.08 billion, which represents 22 percent year-over-year growth. Creative revenue grew to $1.74 billion and Document Cloud revenue was $339 million. Digital Media Annualized Recurring Revenue (“ARR”) grew to $8.40 billion exiting the quarter, a quarter-over-quarter increase of $539 million. Creative ARR grew to $7.31 billion, and Document Cloud ARR grew to $1.09 billion.
- Digital Experience segment revenue was $859 million, representing 24 percent year-over-year growth.
- GAAP operating income in the fourth quarter was $970 million, and non-GAAP operating income was $1.27 billion. GAAP net income was $852 million, and non-GAAP net income was $1.12 billion.
- Cash flow from operations was a record $1.38 billion.
- Remaining Performance Obligation was $9.82 billion, a quarter-over-quarter increase of $1.05 billion.
-
Adobe repurchased approximately 2.8 million shares during the quarter.
Fiscal Year 2019 Financial Highlights
- Adobe achieved record annual revenue of $11.17 billion in fiscal year 2019, representing 24 percent year-over-year growth.
- The company reported annual GAAP diluted earnings per share of $6.00 and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of $7.87.
-
Digital Media segment revenue was $7.71 billion, with Creative and Document Cloud achieving record annual revenue of
$6.48 billion and $1.22 billion, respectively. Digital Media ARR grew by $1.69 billion during the year. - Digital Experience segment revenue was $3.21 billion, representing 31 percent year-over-year growth, and subscription bookings grew by more than 20 percent during the year.
-
Operating income grew 15 percent and net income grew 14 percent year-over-year on a GAAP-basis; operating income grew
23 percent and net income grew 15 percent year-over-year on a non-GAAP basis. - Adobe generated a record $4.42 billion in operating cash flow during the year.
- The company repurchased 9.9 million shares during the year, returning $2.7 billion of cash to stockholders.
A reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP results is provided at the end of this press release and on Adobe’s website.
Adobe Provides Fiscal Year and First Quarter 2020 Financial Targets
The following table summarizes Adobe’s fiscal year 2020 targets.
Adobe fiscal year 2020 revenue |
~$13.15 billion |
|
Digital Media segment revenue |
~19 percent year-over-year growth |
|
Digital Media annualized recurring revenue (ARR) |
~$1.55 billion of net new ARR |
|
Digital Experience segment revenue |
~16 percent year-over-year growth |
|
Digital Experience subscription revenue1 |
~18 percent year-over-year growth |
|
Digital Experience subscription bookings2 |
>20 percent year-over-year growth |
|
Tax rate |
GAAP: ~11% |
Non-GAAP: ~11% |
Share count |
~486 million shares |
|
Earnings per share |
GAAP: ~$7.40 |
Non-GAAP: ~$9.75 |
1 |
Includes revenue from SaaS, managed service, ratable term, usage based, and subscription service offerings for Digital Experience |
|
2 |
Includes annualized subscription value of SaaS, managed service, term and subscription service offerings under contract for Data & Insights, Content & Commerce and Customer Journey Management solutions |
The following table summarizes Adobe’s first quarter fiscal year 2020 targets.
Adobe Q1 fiscal year 2020 revenue |
~$3.04 billion |
|
Digital Media segment revenue |
~19 percent year-over-year growth |
|
Digital Media annualized recurring revenue (ARR) |
~$360 million of net new ARR |
|
Digital Experience segment revenue |
~15 percent year-over-year growth |
|
Tax rate |
GAAP: ~5% |
Non-GAAP: ~11% |
Share count |
~489 million shares |
|
Earnings per share |
GAAP: ~$1.76 |
Non-GAAP: ~$2.23 |
A reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP targets is provided at the end of this press release.
Adobe to Webcast Earnings Conference Call
Adobe will webcast its fourth quarter and fiscal year 2019 earnings conference call today at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time from its investor relations website: www.adobe.com/ADBE. Earnings documents, including Adobe management’s prepared conference call remarks with slides and an investor datasheet are posted to Adobe’s investor relations website in advance of the conference call for reference. A reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP earnings results and financial targets is also provided on the website.
Forward-Looking Statements Disclosure
This press release contains forward-looking statements, including those related to business momentum, our market opportunity, market trends, customer success, revenue, operating margin, seasonality, annualized recurring revenue, non-operating other expense, tax rate on a GAAP and non-GAAP basis, earnings per share on a GAAP and non-GAAP basis, and share count, all of which involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to: failure to compete effectively, failure to develop, acquire, market and offer products and services that meet customer requirements, introduction of new technology, information security and privacy, potential interruptions or delays in hosted services provided by us or third parties, risks associated with cyber-attacks, complex sales cycles, risks related to the timing of revenue recognition from our subscription offerings, fluctuations in subscription renewal rates, failure to realize the anticipated benefits of past or future acquisitions, failure to effectively manage critical strategic third-party business relationships, changes in accounting principles and tax regulations, uncertainty in the financial markets and economic conditions in the countries where we operate, and other various risks associated with being a multinational corporation. For a discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties, please refer to Adobe’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year 2018 ended Nov. 30, 2018, and Adobe's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q issued in fiscal year 2019.
The financial information set forth in this press release reflects estimates based on information available at this time. These amounts could differ from actual reported amounts stated in Adobe’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for our year ended Nov. 29, 2019, which Adobe expects to file in Jan. 2020. Adobe assumes no obligation to, and does not currently intend to, update these forward-looking statements.
About Adobe
Adobe is changing the world through digital experiences. For more information, visit www.adobe.com.
©2019 Adobe Inc. All rights reserved. Adobe and the Adobe logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Inc. (or one of its subsidiaries) in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (In thousands, except per share data; unaudited) |
|||||||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Year Ended |
||||||||||||
|
November 29,
|
|
November 30,
|
|
November 29,
|
|
November 30,
|
||||||||
Revenue: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Subscription |
$ |
2,686,829 |
|
|
$ |
2,184,158 |
|
|
$ |
9,994,463 |
|
|
$ |
7,922,152 |
|
Product |
167,097 |
|
|
150,425 |
|
|
647,788 |
|
|
622,153 |
|
||||
Services and support |
138,018 |
|
|
130,042 |
|
|
529,046 |
|
|
485,703 |
|
||||
Total revenue |
2,991,944 |
|
|
2,464,625 |
|
|
11,171,297 |
|
|
9,030,008 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Cost of revenue: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Subscription |
334,129 |
|
|
257,024 |
|
|
1,222,520 |
|
|
807,221 |
|
||||
Product |
9,029 |
|
|
10,899 |
|
|
39,625 |
|
|
46,009 |
|
||||
Services and support |
108,825 |
|
|
91,338 |
|
|
410,575 |
|
|
341,769 |
|
||||
Total cost of revenue |
451,983 |
|
|
359,261 |
|
|
1,672,720 |
|
|
1,194,999 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Gross profit |
2,539,961 |
|
|
2,105,364 |
|
|
9,498,577 |
|
|
7,835,009 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Research and development |
499,806 |
|
|
415,958 |
|
|
1,930,228 |
|
|
1,537,812 |
|
||||
Sales and marketing |
801,588 |
|
|
723,573 |
|
|
3,244,347 |
|
|
2,620,829 |
|
||||
General and administrative |
225,938 |
|
|
212,355 |
|
|
880,637 |
|
|
744,898 |
|
||||
Amortization of intangibles |
42,698 |
|
|
32,932 |
|
|
175,244 |
|
|
91,101 |
|
||||
Total operating expenses |
1,570,030 |
|
|
1,384,818 |
|
|
6,230,456 |
|
|
4,994,640 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Operating income |
969,931 |
|
|
720,546 |
|
|
3,268,121 |
|
|
2,840,369 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Non-operating income (expense): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Interest and other income (expense), net |
18,879 |
|
|
9,657 |
|
|
42,255 |
|
|
39,536 |
|
||||
Interest expense |
(36,515 |
) |
|
(27,873 |
) |
|
(157,214 |
) |
|
(89,242 |
) |
||||
Investment gains (losses), net |
4,852 |
|
|
(3,113 |
) |
|
51,579 |
|
|
3,213 |
|
||||
Total non-operating income (expense), net |
(12,784 |
) |
|
(21,329 |
) |
|
(63,380 |
) |
|
(46,493 |
) |
||||
Income before income taxes |
957,147 |
|
|
699,217 |
|
|
3,204,741 |
|
|
2,793,876 |
|
||||
Provision for income taxes |
105,286 |
|
|
20,977 |
|
|
253,283 |
|
|
203,102 |
|
||||
Net income |
$ |
851,861 |
|
|
$ |
678,240 |
|
|
$ |
2,951,458 |
|
|
$ |
2,590,774 |
|
Basic net income per share |
$ |
1.76 |
|
|
$ |
1.39 |
|
|
$ |
6.07 |
|
|
$ |
5.28 |
|
Shares used to compute basic net income per share |
483,731 |
|
|
488,246 |
|
|
486,291 |
|
|
490,564 |
|
||||
Diluted net income per share |
$ |
1.74 |
|
|
$ |
1.37 |
|
|
$ |
6.00 |
|
|
$ |
5.20 |
|
Shares used to compute diluted net income per share |
488,851 |
|
|
495,118 |
|
|
491,572 |
|
|
497,843 |
|
_________________________________________
* | Adobe adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Prior period results have not been restated to reflect this change in accounting standards. Refer to our Form 10-K for fiscal year 2019 for additional information. |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands, except par value; unaudited) |
|||||||
|
November 29,
|
|
November 30,
|
||||
ASSETS |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
Current assets: |
|
|
|
||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ |
2,650,221 |
|
|
$ |
1,642,775 |
|
Short-term investments |
1,526,755 |
|
|
1,586,187 |
|
||
Trade receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $9,650 and $14,981, respectively |
1,534,809 |
|
|
1,315,578 |
|
||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
783,140 |
|
|
312,499 |
|
||
Total current assets |
6,494,925 |
|
|
4,857,039 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Property and equipment, net |
1,293,015 |
|
|
1,075,072 |
|
||
Goodwill |
10,691,199 |
|
|
10,581,048 |
|
||
Other intangibles, net |
1,720,565 |
|
|
2,069,001 |
|
||
Other assets |
562,696 |
|
|
186,522 |
|
||
Total assets |
$ |
20,762,400 |
|
|
$ |
18,768,682 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
||||
Trade payables |
$ |
209,499 |
|
|
$ |
186,258 |
|
Accrued expenses |
1,398,548 |
|
|
1,163,185 |
|
||
Debt |
3,149,343 |
|
|
— |
|
||
Deferred revenue |
3,377,986 |
|
|
2,915,974 |
|
||
Income taxes payable |
55,562 |
|
|
35,709 |
|
||
Total current liabilities |
8,190,938 |
|
|
4,301,126 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Long-term liabilities: |
|
|
|
||||
Debt |
988,924 |
|
|
4,124,800 |
|
||
Deferred revenue |
122,727 |
|
|
137,630 |
|
||
Income taxes payable |
616,102 |
|
|
644,101 |
|
||
Deferred income taxes |
140,498 |
|
|
46,702 |
|
||
Other liabilities |
173,056 |
|
|
152,209 |
|
||
Total liabilities |
10,232,245 |
|
|
9,406,568 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Stockholders’ equity: |
|
|
|
||||
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 2,000 shares authorized |
— |
|
|
— |
|
||
Common stock, $0.0001 par value |
61 |
|
|
61 |
|
||
Additional paid-in-capital |
6,504,800 |
|
|
5,685,337 |
|
||
Retained earnings |
14,828,562 |
|
|
11,815,597 |
|
||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
(188,034 |
) |
|
(148,130 |
) |
||
Treasury stock, at cost (118,495 and 113,171, respectively), net of re-issuances |
(10,615,234 |
) |
|
(7,990,751 |
) |
||
Total stockholders’ equity |
10,530,155 |
|
|
9,362,114 |
|
||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
$ |
20,762,400 |
|
|
$ |
18,768,682 |
|
_________________________________________
* |
Adobe adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Prior period results have not been restated to reflect this change in accounting standards. Refer to our Form 10-K for fiscal year 2019 for additional information. |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands; unaudited) |
|||||||
|
Three Months Ended |
||||||
|
November 29,
|
|
November 30,
|
||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|
|
|
||||
Net income |
$ |
851,861 |
|
|
$ |
678,240 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
|
|
|
||||
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |
183,692 |
|
|
106,720 |
|
||
Stock-based compensation |
203,205 |
|
|
169,621 |
|
||
Unrealized losses (gains) on investments, net |
(4,170 |
) |
|
3,908 |
|
||
Changes in deferred revenue |
244,777 |
|
|
271,443 |
|
||
Changes in other operating assets and liabilities |
(102,965 |
) |
|
(121,939 |
) |
||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
1,376,400 |
|
|
1,107,993 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
|
|
|
||||
Purchases, sales and maturities of short-term investments, net |
(85,462 |
) |
|
1,606,237 |
|
||
Purchases of property and equipment |
(94,096 |
) |
|
(62,563 |
) |
||
Purchases and sales of long-term investments, intangibles and other assets, net |
12,036 |
|
|
(1,211 |
) |
||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
(887 |
) |
|
(4,681,341 |
) |
||
Net cash used for investing activities |
(168,409 |
) |
|
(3,138,878 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
|
|
|
||||
Purchases of treasury stock |
(750,000 |
) |
|
(300,000 |
) |
||
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards, net of proceeds from treasury stock re-issuances |
(27,294 |
) |
|
(23,036 |
) |
||
Proceeds from debt issuance, net |
— |
|
|
2,248,342 |
|
||
Other financing activities, net |
11,634 |
|
|
(575 |
) |
||
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities |
(765,660 |
) |
|
1,924,731 |
|
||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
(1,157 |
) |
|
1,785 |
|
||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
441,174 |
|
|
(104,369 |
) |
||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
2,209,047 |
|
|
1,747,144 |
|
||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ |
2,650,221 |
|
|
$ |
1,642,775 |
|
Non-GAAP Results (In thousands, except per share data)
The following table shows Adobe's GAAP results reconciled to non-GAAP results included in this release. |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Year Ended |
||||||||||||||||
|
November 29,
|
|
November 30,
|
|
August 30,
|
|
November 29,
|
|
November 30,
|
||||||||||
Operating income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
GAAP operating income |
$ |
969,931 |
|
|
$ |
720,546 |
|
|
$ |
853,812 |
|
|
$ |
3,268,121 |
|
|
$ |
2,840,369 |
|
Stock-based and deferred compensation expense |
207,781 |
|
|
166,504 |
|
|
199,321 |
|
|
797,890 |
|
|
610,785 |
|
|||||
Amortization of intangibles |
95,861 |
|
|
65,397 |
|
|
100,139 |
|
|
395,403 |
|
|
174,294 |
|
|||||
Non-GAAP operating income |
$ |
1,273,573 |
|
|
$ |
952,447 |
|
|
$ |
1,153,272 |
|
|
$ |
4,461,414 |
|
|
$ |
3,625,448 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Net income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
GAAP net income |
$ |
851,861 |
|
|
$ |
678,240 |
|
|
$ |
792,763 |
|
|
$ |
2,951,458 |
|
|
$ |
2,590,774 |
|
Stock-based and deferred compensation expense |
207,781 |
|
|
166,504 |
|
|
199,321 |
|
|
797,890 |
|
|
610,785 |
|
|||||
Amortization of intangibles |
95,861 |
|
|
65,397 |
|
|
100,139 |
|
|
395,403 |
|
|
174,294 |
|
|||||
Investment (gains) losses, net |
(4,852 |
) |
|
3,113 |
|
|
(3,653 |
) |
|
(51,579 |
) |
|
(3,213 |
) |
|||||
Income tax adjustments |
(32,867 |
) |
|
(7,051 |
) |
|
(82,607 |
) |
|
(224,827 |
) |
|
(9,060 |
) |
|||||
Non-GAAP net income |
$ |
1,117,784 |
|
|
$ |
906,203 |
|
|
$ |
1,005,963 |
|
|
$ |
3,868,345 |
|
|
$ |
3,363,580 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Diluted net income per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
GAAP diluted net income per share |
$ |
1.74 |
|
|
$ |
1.37 |
|
|
$ |
1.61 |
|
|
$ |
6.00 |
|
|
$ |
5.20 |
|
Stock-based and deferred compensation expense |
0.43 |
|
|
0.34 |
|
|
0.41 |
|
|
1.62 |
|
|
1.23 |
|
|||||
Amortization of intangibles |
0.20 |
|
|
0.13 |
|
|
0.20 |
|
|
0.80 |
|
|
0.35 |
|
|||||
Investment (gains) losses, net |
(0.01 |
) |
|
0.01 |
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
(0.10 |
) |
|
(0.01 |
) |
|||||
Income tax adjustments |
(0.07 |
) |
|
(0.02 |
) |
|
(0.16 |
) |
|
(0.45 |
) |
|
(0.01 |
) |
|||||
Non-GAAP diluted net income per share |
$ |
2.29 |
|
|
$ |
1.83 |
|
|
$ |
2.05 |
|
|
$ |
7.87 |
|
|
$ |
6.76 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
Shares used in computing diluted net income per share |
488,851 |
|
|
495,118 |
|
|
491,042 |
|
|
491,572 |
|
|
497,843 |
|
_________________________________________
* |
Adobe adopted ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Prior period results have not been restated to reflect this change in accounting standards. Refer to our Form 10-K for fiscal year 2019 for additional information. |
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Targets
(In millions, except per share data)
The following tables show Adobe's first quarter fiscal year 2020 financial targets reconciled to the non-GAAP financial targets included in this release.
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
||
Diluted net income per share: |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
GAAP diluted net income per share |
|
$ |
1.76 |
|
|
Stock-based and deferred compensation expense |
|
0.46 |
|
|
|
Amortization of intangibles |
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
Income tax adjustments |
|
(0.18 |
) |
|
|
Non-GAAP diluted net income per share |
|
$ |
2.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Shares used to compute diluted net income per share |
|
489.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
||
Effective income tax rate: |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
GAAP effective income tax rate |
|
|
5.0 |
% |
|
Stock-based and deferred compensation expense |
|
(1.4 |
) |
|
|
Amortization of intangibles |
|
(0.6 |
) |
|
|
Income tax adjustments |
|
8.0 |
|
|
|
Non-GAAP effective income tax rate |
|
11.0 |
% |
The following table shows Adobe's annual fiscal year 2020 GAAP earnings per share target reconciled to the non-GAAP financial target included in this release.
|
|
Fiscal Year 2020 |
|
||
Diluted net income per share: |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
||
GAAP diluted net income per share |
|
$ |
7.40 |
|
|
Stock-based and deferred compensation expense |
|
1.99 |
|
|
|
Amortization of intangibles |
|
0.74 |
|
|
|
Income tax adjustments |
|
(0.38 |
) |
|
|
Non-GAAP diluted net income per share |
|
$ |
9.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Shares used to compute diluted net income per share |
|
486.0 |
|
|
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information
Adobe continues to provide all information required in accordance with GAAP, but believes evaluating its ongoing operating results may not be as useful if an investor is limited to reviewing only GAAP financial measures. Adobe uses non-GAAP financial information to evaluate its ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. Adobe's management does not itself, nor does it suggest that investors should, consider such non-GAAP financial measures in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Adobe presents such non-GAAP financial measures in reporting its financial results to provide investors with an additional tool to evaluate Adobe's operating results. Adobe believes these non-GAAP financial measures are useful because they allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in its financial and operational decision-making. This allows institutional investors, the analyst community and others to better understand and evaluate our operating results and future prospects in the same manner as management.
Adobe's management believes it is useful for itself and investors to review, as applicable, both GAAP information as well as non-GAAP measures, which may exclude items such as stock-based and deferred compensation expenses, restructuring and other charges, amortization of intangibles, investment gains and losses, the related tax impact of all of these items, income tax adjustments, and the income tax effect of the non-GAAP pre-tax adjustments from the provision for income taxes. Adobe uses these non-GAAP measures in order to assess the performance of Adobe's business and for planning and forecasting in subsequent periods. Whenever such a non-GAAP measure is used, Adobe provides a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the most closely applicable GAAP financial measure. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measure as detailed above.